Nervous System

Question 1

General description of CNS and the PNS, be sure to include the structures/ organs in each as well as their general function

Answer 1

-CNS: consists of the brain and spinal cord
-PNS: consists of the nerves (bundles of axons) that connect the CNS to the other body parts
-Both systems provide 3 general functions:
sensory, integrative, and motor

Question 2

What are the 2 divisions of PNS, be sure to include a brief description of each one

Answer 2

• Somatic: Voluntary, controls skeletal muscle

- Autonomic: Involuntary divides into 2 divisions motor and sensory

Question 3

What is the role of Astrocyte

Answer 3

structural support join parts help regulate the concentrations of nutrients and ions

Question 4

What is the role of Microglial Cell

Answer 4

Support neurons and phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris

Question 5

what is the role of Ependymal Cell

Answer 5

Covers specialized brain parts (Choroid Plexuses) and form inner lining that encloses the brain

Question 6

What is the role of Oligodendrocyte

Answer 6

Provide Insulating layers if myelin sheath around axons within the brain

Question 7

What is the role of Schwann Cells

Answer 7

Produce myelin sheath around axons of myelinated neurons

Question 8

Soma

Answer 8

Cell body nucleus and metabolic center of cell

Question 9

Chromatophilic (nissl) Substance

Answer 9

Rough endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 10

Dendrite

Answer 10

Conducts impulses towards the cell body

Question 11

Neurofibrils

Answer 11

cytoskeleton filaments of main cell shape

Question 12

Axon

Answer 12

Conduct impulses away from cell body

Question 13

Axon Hillock

Answer 13

Cone- shaped thickening

Question 14

What is the role of myelin

Answer 14

Myelin helps damage axons regenerate in the peripheral nerves

Question 15

What is it material is myelin made of

Answer 15

Made of neurilemma

Question 16

What are the neurolemma and Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 16

Neurolemma- Thin sheath around a nerve axon

Nodes of Ranvier- Narrow gaps between Schwann Cells

Question 17

Difference between white matter and grey matter

Answer 17

White matter: group of myelinated axons

Grey matter: unmayelinated axons and neuron cell bodies

Question 18

Function Classification of neurons

Answer 18

Sensory (afferent) neurons
- transmit info to the CNS
-Have specialized receptors ends usually unipolar some bipolar
Interneuron (Association) neuron
-found entirely in brain/spinal
-Transmit impulses from one part of the CNS to another
Motor (Efferent) Neurons
-Transmits impulses away from CNS to effector
-usually multipolar

Question 19

Structural Classification of neurons

Answer 19

Multipolar Neurons
-have any processes arising from cell body
Bipolar Neurons
- have only 2 process one arise from each end of the cell body
Unipolar Neurons
- Single process extending from cell body

Question 20

Nuclei in the CNS

Answer 20

Cell bodies of some interneurons aggregate in specialized masses of nervous tissue

Question 21

Ganglia

Answer 21

Unipolar neurons found in specialized masses in nervous tissue

Question 22

Name the 4 regions of the brain

Answer 22

Cerebrum
diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum

Question 23

Gyri

Answer 23

Ridges

Question 24

Sulci

Answer 24

Shallow grooves

Question 25

Fissure

Answer 25

Deep groove

Question 26

General function of the cerebrum

Answer 26

Provides higher mental functions | memory, and reasoning , critical problem solving and personality

Question 27

5 lobes of cerebral cortex

Answer 27

``` Frontal Lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occiptal lobe Insula ```

Question 28

Corpus Collasum

Answer 28

Connects both hemispheres of the brain

Question 29

Describe the sensory associations and motor areas of the cerebrum

Answer 29

Sensory- Postcentral Gyrus Accessory- Frontal lobe associated with parietal lobe Motor- Precentral Gyrus

Question 30

3 parts of the brainstem

Answer 30

Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata

Question 31

3 Layers of the meninges

Answer 31

Dura Mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

Question 32

Ventricles

Answer 32

Lateral Ventricle Third Ventricle Forth Ventricle Cerebral Aqueduct

Question 33

Functional types of neurons are found in dorsal root and ventral root

Answer 33

Dorsal Root- Sensory neurons | Ventral Root- Motor neurons

Question 34

Olfactory

Answer 34

I. Sensory | smell

Question 35

Optic

Answer 35

II. Sensory | Vision

Question 36

Oculomotor

Answer 36

III. Motor | moves eyes

Question 37

Trochlear

Answer 37

IV.Motor | moves eyes

Question 38

Trigeminal

Answer 38

V. Both | Chew, feeling of face

Question 39

Abducens

Answer 39

VI. Motor | Moves eyes

Question 40

Facial

Answer 40

VII. Both | Taste, facial expressions

Question 41

Vestibulocochlear

Answer 41

VIII. Sensory | Balance, hearing

Question 42

Glossopharyngeal

Answer 42

IX. Both | Taste, swallowing

Question 43

Vagus

Answer 43

X. Both | Speech, swallowing, regulates heart rate

Question 44

Accessory

Answer 44

XI. Motor | Movement of neck and trapizeus

Question 45

Hypoglossal

Answer 45

XII. Motor | Moves tongue

Question 46

Somatc Nervous System

Answer 46

Conscious Activities ( Voluntary)

Question 47

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 47

Unconscious Activity ( Involuntary)

Question 48

4 Major Nerve Plexus

Answer 48

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