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anatomy & physiology bio 160 > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the science that deals with the structure of the body parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the science that deals with the function of the body parts

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3
Q

Name and describe the 9 levels of structural organization in order from small to large

A
  • Atom: chemicals consists of microscopic particles
  • Molecule: combine complex ways to form larger macro-molecules
  • Cell: basic unit of structure and function
  • Organelles: carry out specific activities
  • Tissue: cells organized into layers or other structures that have a common function
  • Organ: structures with specialized functions
  • Organ System: Groups of organs that function closely together
  • Organism: Living thing
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4
Q

Name and describe the 10 characteristics of life

A
  1. Movement-motion of internal organ
  2. Responsiveness-reaction to change inside/outside body
  3. Growth-increase in body size w/out change in shape
  4. Reproduction-production of new organism
  5. Respiration-obtaining O2 removing CO2 release of eneergy
  6. Digestion- breakdown food to be absorbed and used
  7. Absorption-passage of substances through membranes into body fluid
  8. Circulation-movement of body fluids
  9. Assimilation-changing absorbed substances into chemical form
  10. Excretion-removal of waste
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5
Q

Metabolism

A

Physical and chemical events that obtain; release and use energy, all of the chemical reactions

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6
Q

Name the 5 requirements of organisms

A 
water
food/nutrients
oxygen
Stable temperature
Stable pressure
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7
Q

homoestasis

A

condition of a stable internal environment

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8
Q

Briefly explain Negative Feedback and Positive Feedback mechanisms

A
  • Negative- returns the body to set point doing so reduces the action of the effectors
  • Positive-increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther away from set point
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9
Q

Axial

A

the head trunk

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10
Q

Appendicular

A

portion that holds upper and lower limb

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11
Q

Name the major cavities

A

Cranial Cavity
Vertebral Cavity
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity

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12
Q

Name the major organs found each cavity

A

Cranial- brain
Vertebral- spinal cord
Abdominal-stomach liver gallbladder spleen kidneys and most of small intestine
Pelvic-terminal portion of large intestine urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs

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13
Q

Visceral

A

membrane deeper towards the interior and covers an internal organ

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14
Q

Parietal

A

membrane attached to the wall of the cavity

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15
Q

Integumentary

A

Skin, accessory organs,
help protect underlying tissue,help regulate temperature, house a variety of sensory receptors, synthesize certain products

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16
Q

Skeletal

A

bones, ligaments,cartilage

these parts provide framework and protective shields for softer tissues

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17
Q

Muscular

A

muscles
Provide forces that move the body
maintain posture
major source of body heat

18
Q

Nervous

A

brain spinal cord nerves ans sense organs
communicates with each other
muscles and glands use chemical signals (nerutransmitters)

19
Q

Endocrine

A

all glands that secrete chemical messengers, hormones

20
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Heart arteries veins capillary blood
Muscular pump helps force blood through the blood vessels
transports gases,nutrients, hormones and waste

21
Q

Lymphatic

A

Lymphatic vessels, lympth nodes,thymus, spleen
transports some the tissue fluid back to the blood stream and carries fatty substances away from digestive organs and into blood stream

22
Q

Digestive

A 
Pancreas, small intestine, stomach 
receives food ( nutrients) from the outside 
breakdown food molecules into simpler forms to pass through cell membranes and are absorbed  in to body fluids
23
Q

Respiratory

A

Lungs
moves air in and out of the lungs
Exchanges gases between the blood and the air

24
Q

Urinary

A

Kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra
Kidneys remove waste from the blood
help maintain body’s water and electrolytes concentration

25
Q

Reproductive

A

Male and female work together to produce and new organism
Male: penis, Ducts Seminal vesicle scrotum testes urethra prodtate and bulbourethral gland
Female:vagina uterus ovaries uterine tube clitoris vulva
both help produce and maintain cells
Male:Sperm
Female: Ova

26
Q

Superior

A

above

27
Q

Posterior

A

Behind

28
Q

Inferior

A

Below

29
Q

Anterior

A

Front

30
Q

Medial

A

imaginary line separates left and right halves

31
Q

lateral

A

towards the side away from midline

32
Q

bilateral

A

paired structures one of each

33
Q

ipsilateral

A

on same side

34
Q

Contralateral

A

opposite sides

35
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the point of attachment to te trunk

36
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from the point of attachment to the trunk

37
Q

Superficial

A

near the surface

38
Q

Deep

A

internal

39
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

right and left

40
Q

Transverse Plane

A

superior and inferior

41
Q

Fontal/coronal

A

anterior and posterior

42
Q

Name and describe the locations of the 9 abdominal regions

A 
Right hypochondriac  
epigastric 
Left hypochondraic
Right lumbar                
umbilical             
left lumbar 
Right inigual                 
Pubic                       
left inigual

anatomy & physiology bio 160 (13 decks)

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