Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Anatomy
the science that deals with the structure of the body parts
Physiology
the science that deals with the function of the body parts
Name and describe the 9 levels of structural organization in order from small to large
- Atom: chemicals consists of microscopic particles
- Molecule: combine complex ways to form larger macro-molecules
- Cell: basic unit of structure and function
- Organelles: carry out specific activities
- Tissue: cells organized into layers or other structures that have a common function
- Organ: structures with specialized functions
- Organ System: Groups of organs that function closely together
- Organism: Living thing
Name and describe the 10 characteristics of life
- Movement-motion of internal organ
- Responsiveness-reaction to change inside/outside body
- Growth-increase in body size w/out change in shape
- Reproduction-production of new organism
- Respiration-obtaining O2 removing CO2 release of eneergy
- Digestion- breakdown food to be absorbed and used
- Absorption-passage of substances through membranes into body fluid
- Circulation-movement of body fluids
- Assimilation-changing absorbed substances into chemical form
- Excretion-removal of waste
Metabolism
Physical and chemical events that obtain; release and use energy, all of the chemical reactions
Name the 5 requirements of organisms
water food/nutrients oxygen Stable temperature Stable pressure
homoestasis
condition of a stable internal environment
Briefly explain Negative Feedback and Positive Feedback mechanisms
- Negative- returns the body to set point doing so reduces the action of the effectors
- Positive-increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther away from set point
Axial
the head trunk
Appendicular
portion that holds upper and lower limb
Name the major cavities
Cranial Cavity
Vertebral Cavity
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity
Name the major organs found each cavity
Cranial- brain
Vertebral- spinal cord
Abdominal-stomach liver gallbladder spleen kidneys and most of small intestine
Pelvic-terminal portion of large intestine urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs
Visceral
membrane deeper towards the interior and covers an internal organ
Parietal
membrane attached to the wall of the cavity
Integumentary
Skin, accessory organs,
help protect underlying tissue,help regulate temperature, house a variety of sensory receptors, synthesize certain products
Skeletal
bones, ligaments,cartilage
these parts provide framework and protective shields for softer tissues
Muscular
muscles
Provide forces that move the body
maintain posture
major source of body heat
Nervous
brain spinal cord nerves ans sense organs
communicates with each other
muscles and glands use chemical signals (nerutransmitters)
Endocrine
all glands that secrete chemical messengers, hormones
Cardiovascular
Heart arteries veins capillary blood
Muscular pump helps force blood through the blood vessels
transports gases,nutrients, hormones and waste
Lymphatic
Lymphatic vessels, lympth nodes,thymus, spleen
transports some the tissue fluid back to the blood stream and carries fatty substances away from digestive organs and into blood stream
Digestive
Pancreas, small intestine, stomach receives food ( nutrients) from the outside breakdown food molecules into simpler forms to pass through cell membranes and are absorbed in to body fluids
Respiratory
Lungs
moves air in and out of the lungs
Exchanges gases between the blood and the air
Urinary
Kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra
Kidneys remove waste from the blood
help maintain body’s water and electrolytes concentration
Reproductive
Male and female work together to produce and new organism
Male: penis, Ducts Seminal vesicle scrotum testes urethra prodtate and bulbourethral gland
Female:vagina uterus ovaries uterine tube clitoris vulva
both help produce and maintain cells
Male:Sperm
Female: Ova
Superior
above
Posterior
Behind
Inferior
Below
Anterior
Front
Medial
imaginary line separates left and right halves
lateral
towards the side away from midline
bilateral
paired structures one of each
ipsilateral
on same side
Contralateral
opposite sides
Proximal
closer to the point of attachment to te trunk
Distal
Farther away from the point of attachment to the trunk
Superficial
near the surface
Deep
internal
Sagittal Plane
right and left
Transverse Plane
superior and inferior
Fontal/coronal
anterior and posterior
Name and describe the locations of the 9 abdominal regions
Right hypochondriac epigastric Left hypochondraic Right lumbar umbilical left lumbar Right inigual Pubic left inigual
