Muscular System Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and where are they found
Smooth muscle: lacks striations and appears smooth
Skeletal muscle: has striations
Cardiac muscle: only found in the heart branching striated cells
The function of muscles
Provides all movement
Order of muscle layers
Myofilament Sacromere Myofibril Fiber Fascicles Body
Difference between tendon and apponeurosis
Tendon: Cordlike fibers
Apponeurosis: connective tissue fibrous sheets
Sacromere
striations of skeletal muscle from a repeating pattern of unit
Sacroplasmic Reticular
membranous channels that surround each myofibril and run parallel to it
Sacrolemma
cell membrane
Sacroplasma
Cytoplasma contains thread like myofibrils
T-tubule
Transverse tubules set of membranous channels
A-band
Myosis molecule
Neuromuscular Junction Process
- Nerve signal reaches the neuromuscular junction
2 .Acetylcholine is released into the Synaptic cleft - Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sacrolemma
4.Action potential travels down then surface of the muscle - Sacroplasmic Reticulum releases calcium
- Clacium causes troponin and tropomyosin to move and expose the myosin binding sites
- Myosin heads bind to Actin
- Myosin heads change shape and pull actin filaments closer together shortening the sacromere
Role of Acetylcholine Sterase
Binds to specific protein molecules in the muscle fiber membrane, increasing membrane permeability to sodium ions when released
Role of Creatine Phosphate in energy production of muscles cells
Catalyzes the synthesis of creatine phosphate which stores excess energy in its phosphate bonds
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Breaks down glucose WITHOUT oxygen broken down to pyruvic Acid to produce some ATP Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid which accumulates in muscles and stored in the liver
Aerobic Glycolysis
Oxygen is present and is broken down to carbon monoxide water releasing energy CONTINUOUS oxygen
How is myoglobin involved in energy production of muscles cells
Myoglobin can combine loosely with oxygen, temporarily store oxygen increasing amount of O2 available in muscle cell to support aerobic respiration
What is meant by Oxygen Debt
Lactic Acid accumulation in the muscle fiber
Common cause of muscle fatigue and how is it resolved
O2 must be replaced to tissue to remove O2 deficient O2 is required to get rid of accumulated lactid acid in muscle and liver
What is meant by “ All or None”in reference to muscle contraction
They do not contract partially
Origin
Attachment to an immovable boe
Insertion
Attachment to a movable bone some muscles have more than one insertion
Prime Mover
(Agonist) muscle doing the majority of the work for certain movements
Antagonist
Muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
Synergist
Muscle that contracts and assists the prime mover
Threshold Stimulus
Isolated muscle is exposed to a series of stimuli of increasing strength
Twitch
Contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single impulse
Myogram
Velocity and intensity of a contraction, number of muscles being stimulated
Latent Period
Time from when the stimulus is received ans the muscle begins to contract
Period of Contraction
When the muscle is actively contracting
Period of Relaxation
When muscle is relaxing
Summation
A contraction immediately followed by another, muscle does not fully return to a resting state in between contractions
Tetanic Contraction
No relaxation between contractions
Recruitment
An increase in the number of activated motor units within a muscle at higher intensities of stimulation, muscle is contracting at max tension
