urinary system

Question 1

function of kidneys

Answer 1

produce urine
filter blood
maintain electrolyte, water and acid-base balance
produce hormones

Question 2

position of kidneys

Answer 2

T12-L3

right kidney is located lower due to liver

Question 3

covering of kidneys

Answer 3

kidneys are covered by renal fascia, renal fat (adipose capsule and pararenal fat)

Question 4

renal fascia of kidney

Answer 4

anterior joins the peritoneum, posterior layer joins the posts fascia, superior and lateral are closed, medial and inferior open for vessels and ureter

Question 5

nerves in pararenal fat

Answer 5

subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal

Question 6

splenorenal ligament

Answer 6

contains the splenic blood vessels

Question 7

dorsal mesogastrium

Answer 7

= splenorenal ligament and gastrosplenic ligament

Question 8

renal sinus

Answer 8

space that contains minor and major calyces, renal pelvis, renal fat, vessels and nerves

Question 9

renal lobes and liberated kidneys in newborns

Answer 9

8-18 renal pyramids

newborns have lobulated kidney

Question 10

variation in anatomy of the renal pelvis

Answer 10

dendritic pelvis- long, slim and reified calyces

ampullarf type- short calyces

Question 11

blood supply to the kidney

Answer 11

right and left renal arteries from the aorta

left and right renal veins into IVC

Question 12

five segments of the idney

Answer 12

superior, inferior, posterior, anterior inferior, anterior superior

Question 13

branching of renal arteries

Answer 13

renal artery–> segmental arteries –> lobar arteries –> interloper arteries –> arcuate arteries –> interlobular arteries —> afferent arterioles –> glomerulus —> efferent arterioles —> normal capillaries

Question 14

renal corpuscle

Answer 14

glomerulus surrounded by bowman’s capsule

partial layer and visceral layer (from by podocytes)
vascular pole where arterioles enter and urinary pole where the proximal tubule drains

Question 15

components of the glomerular filter system

Answer 15

endothelial cells
podocytes
basement membrane

Question 16

supporting cells of the glomerular capillaries

Answer 16

mesangium cells which act like macrophages

Question 17

nephron

Answer 17

functional unit of the kidney that produces urine

Question 18

ureters

Answer 18

transport urine b=via peristaltic movement of smooth muscles
retroperitoneal

abdominal part and pelvic part

Question 19

bladder

Answer 19

retroperitoneal 
apex attached to a fibrous cord urachus 
funds- attached to ureters 
body- forms the superior surface and is the biggest part of the bladder
neck- attaches to the ureter

Question 20

muscle of bladder

Answer 20

detrusor muscle

Question 21

wolffian duct

Answer 21

trigon and associated ureters

Question 22

urinary bladder in children

Answer 22

in early childhood the bladder is an abdominal organ

it begins to descend into pelvis at around six years of age