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Anatomy > spotter questions > Flashcards

spotter questions Flashcards

1
Q

what are the roots of the lumbosacral trunk?

A

L4-L5

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2
Q

what are the nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-S4

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3
Q

what are the three branches of the pudendal nerve?

A

inferior anal, perineal, dorsal sensory nerves

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4
Q

what foes the inferior anal nerve supply?

A

external anal sphincter

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5
Q

what does the perineal branch nerve supply?

A

external urethral sphincter

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6
Q

what do the dorsal sensory nerves supply?

A

erectile tissue

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7
Q

what trunk of the internal iliac artery does the superior gluteal artery branch from?

A

posterior trunk

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8
Q

what tunnel does the internal pudendal artery pass through?

A

in the pudendal canal on the lateral wall of the fatty inch-anal fossa

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9
Q

what tunnel does the obturators artery pass through?

A

obturator canal

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10
Q

what does the bulbospongiosus surround in the female?

A

bulb of the vestible

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11
Q

what happens of the perineal body is significantly weakened?

A

prolapse - rectocele or enterocele

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12
Q

what event occurs in the ampulla of the uterine tube?

A

fertilisation

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13
Q

what ligaments form suspensory support for the uterus

A

uterosacral, transverse cerical, pubocervical

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14
Q

what is the composition of the inferior hypogastric plexus?

A

both sympathetic and parasympethic fibres

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15
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the left ovary?

A

para-aortic lymph nodes

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16
Q

what vessels lie superior to the pelvic ureter in the female

A

uterine arteries

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17
Q

what are three age related changes in the female pelvis

A

vaginal atrophy, adipose deposition around pelvic viscera and thinning of pelvic floor muscles

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18
Q

what is the external spermatic fascia derived from?

A

external oblique aponeurosis

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19
Q

what empties sperm into the head of the epididymis?

A

efferent ductules

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20
Q

what compartment are the bulbourethral glands located in?

A

deep perineal pouch

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21
Q

what does the ischiocavernosus muscle wrap around and what is its innervation?

A

wraps around the crura of corpus cavernous and its innervation is the pudendal nerve

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22
Q

what zone is the prostatic urethra associated with?

A

transitional zone

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23
Q

what is the blood supply and the lymphatic drainage of the prostrate?

A

inferior vesical artery

internal iliac nodes

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24
Q

what are features that form the pelvic brim?

A

arcuate line of the pelvis
pectoral line
sacral promontory

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25
Q

what nerve passes behind the sacrospinous ligament?

A

pudendal nerve

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26
Q

what are three structures that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels and obturators interns tendon

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27
Q

what is a variant of the kidney?

A

extra-hilar renal artery

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28
Q

how many vascular segments are in the kidney?

A

5

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29
Q

Which preganglionic sympathetic fibres synapse with the ganglia around the superior mesenteric artery?

A

lesser splanchnic nerves

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30
Q

what is the specific embryological origin of the kidney?

A

Mesenchyme of the Metanephros which Comes from Intermediate Mesoderm

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31
Q

what fold attaches to the superior surface of the superior surface of the apex of the bladder

A

median umbilical fold

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32
Q

what type of fibres contract the detrusor muscle?

A

parasympathetic fibres

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33
Q

what is the specific blood supply of the pancreas?

A

greater pancreatic branch of splenic artery

34
Q

what ligament does the colic surface of the spleen sit on?

A

phreno-colic ligament

35
Q

what is the embryological origin of the uncinate process of the pancreas?

A

derivative of the ventral pancreatic bud

36
Q

what major vessels lie directly anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

A

superior mesenteric vessels

37
Q

which ligament does the splenic artery lie in?

A

splenorenal ligament

38
Q

name two branches of the splenic artery to the stomach

A

short gastric artery and the left gastro-omental arteries

39
Q

what ligament do the branches of the splenic artery to the stomach lie in?

A

gastrosplenic ligament

40
Q

what is the cystic artery going to the gallbladder a branch of most commonly>

A

right hepatic artery

41
Q

what channels combine to form the common hepatic duct?

A

right and left hepatic ducts

42
Q

what is the remnant of the ligamentum venousum?

A

ductus venosus which shunted oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

43
Q

what circumstances if the liver palpable in the living body?

A

only palpable during deep inspiration if it is enlarged

44
Q

what layers does the perirenal fat lie between?

A

fibrous capsule of the kidney and renal fascia

45
Q

what are the roots of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

L1

46
Q

what is the sensory distribution of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

supplies skin over anterior scrotum/labia

47
Q

how many pairs of lumbar arteries are there?

A

4 pairs

48
Q

what nerves supply the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

subcostal (t12) and iliohypogastric nerves (L1)

49
Q

which ligament does the left gastric artery run in?

A

hepatogastric ligament

50
Q

what ligament does the right gastro-mental artery run in?

A

gastrocolic ligament

51
Q

what do the left and right vagus nerve become in the abdomen?

A

Left- anterior vagal trunk

right posterior vagal trunk

52
Q

characteristics of the ileum

A

shorter vasa recta, more arterial arcades and more fat in the mesentery

53
Q

what does the ileocolic artery supply?

A

terminal ileum, caecum and appendix

54
Q

what are the precise blood supply of the stomach fundus?

A

short gastric arteries

55
Q

what are the precise blood supply of the ascending colon

A

right colic artery

56
Q

what two vessels have an anastomosis together in the transverse mesocolon?

A

middle colic artery from the SMA and left coils artery from the IMA form the marginal anastomosis

57
Q

what tissue foes the sigmoid arteries run in?

A

sigmoid mesocolon

58
Q

where do the free tania coli with mental and mesocloic teniae converge?

A

appendix

59
Q

which vertebrae does the sigmoid colon end?

A

s3

60
Q

what division of the primitive gut does the pyloric antrum come from?

A

foregut

61
Q

what division of the primitive gut foes the horizontal duodenum come from?

A

midgut

62
Q

which part of the GI tract are the place circulares in?

A

jejunum

63
Q

which part of the GI tract are the place semilunares in?

A

colon

64
Q

which layers are the circular folds of the intestine composed of?

A

mucosa and submucosa

65
Q

what empties out of the major duodenal papilla?

A

bile and pancreatic juices

66
Q

what part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal?

A

superior part

67
Q

what is the blood supply of the duodenum?

A

superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

68
Q

describe the blood supply of the oesophagus

A

upper 1/3 = inferior thyroid artery
middle 1/3 = descending thoracic aorta
lower 1/3 = left gastric artery

69
Q

what division of the primitive gut is the transverse rectal fold derived from?

A

hindgut

70
Q

state the venous blood flow of the dentate (pectinate) line

A 
above = portal circulation
below = systemic circulation
71
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply of the dentate (pectinate line)

A 
above = lumbar splanchnic nerve
below = pudendal nerve
72
Q

what is the epithelium of the dendate?

A 
above = simple columnar from endoderm 
below = stratified squamous from ectoderm
73
Q

what attaches to there igth crus of diaphragm?

A

body of L3

74
Q

what muscles contribute to the anterior rectus sheath

A

external and internal oblique aponeurosis

75
Q

what other structures pass through the vena cava, oesophageal and aortic hiatuses?

A

aortic- thoracic duct
oesophageal- vagus nerves
vena cava- phrenic nerve

76
Q

what runs in the medial umbilical fold?

A

obliterated umbilical artery

77
Q

what fold does the inferior epigastric branch of the external iliac artery run in?

A

lateral umbilical fold

78
Q

what type of hernia occurs lateral to the inferior epigastric branch

A

indirect inguinal hernia

79
Q

what does the omental (epipolic) foramen connect and what two vessels lie in-between?

A

connects create sec with lesser sac

lies between portal vein and IVC

80
Q

which organs make the anterior and posterior borders of f the lesser sac?

A

stomach- anterior border

pancreas- posterior border

81
Q

which vessels are related to the right/ vs left inframesocolic spaces?

A

superior mesenteric branches - right

inferior mesenteric branches- left

82
Q

what do the dorsal and ventral mesogastrium become?

A

dorsal- greater momentum and spleen develops in it

ventral becomes lesser momentum and liver develops in it

Anatomy (6 decks)

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