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Anatomy for Systems > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 components of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

At what vertebral levels do you find the kidneys?

A

Found in paravertebral gutters on posterior abdominal wall on either side of vertebral column between vertebrae T12-L3

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3
Q

At what vertebral level does the transplyoric plane lie?

A

L1

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4
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

Right due to presence of liver

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5
Q

What are the 4 layers of the coverings of the kidneys?

A

Fibrous renal capsule
Fatty renal capsule
Renal fascia - fibro-fatty tissue
Pararenal fatty tissue - mainly on posterior aspects

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6
Q

Why is there so much fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys?

A

Protection from trauma as there is no protection from bone in the abdomen

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7
Q

What are the posterior relations of the kidneys?

A

Diaphragm
Psoas major
Quadratus lumbarum

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8
Q

Over which muscle does the ureters lie?

A

Psoas major

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9
Q

List some retroperitoneal organs and structures

A

S - suprarenal glands
A - abdominal aorta
D - duodenum

P - pancreas (except tail)
U - ureters
C - colon (ascending and descending parts)
K - kidneys
E - oesophagus
R - rectum
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10
Q

What happened embryologically to cause duplicated ureters?

A

Due to duplication of ureteric bud from mesonephric duct

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11
Q

What happened embryologically to cause horseshoe kidneys?

A

Inferior poles of the kidneys have fused

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12
Q

What proportion of the population have horseshoe kidneys?

A

1 in 400

Usually found incidentally

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13
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the kidneys

A

Sympathetic - T12-L1 nerves run through coeliac ganglion and along renal artery

Parasympathetic - from vagus nerve

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14
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys and where they are located

A

Drains to para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries (L1)

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15
Q

What structures are found in the cortex of the kidney?

A

Proximal and distal convolutes tubules

Renal corpuscles

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16
Q

What structures are found in the medulla of the kidney?

A

Collecting ducts

Loop of Henle

17
Q

At what vertebral level are the renal arteries given off from the abdominal aorta?

A

L1/L2

18
Q

What happens to the renal arteries at the hilum of the kidneys?

A

Divide into 5 segmental arteries

19
Q

On what side is the inferior vena cava of the aorta in the body, and how does its affect the renal arteries?

A

IVC is found to the right of the aorta

Makes left renal vein longer as it has to travel anteriorly over the aorta to the left kidney

20
Q

How does the positioning of the main vessels of the abdomen affect the right renal artery?

A

Right renal artery is longer than the left renal artery as it has to travel posteriorly past the inferior vena cava to reach the right kidney

21
Q

What vein from the pelvis travels up to drain into the left renal vein?

A

Left gonadal vein

22
Q

Where does the right gonadal vein drain into?

A

Inferior vena cava

23
Q

How are the ureters peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

24
Q

What crosses the ureters superiorly in males?

A

Ductus/vas deferens

25
Q

What crosses the ureters superiorly in females?

A

Uterine artery

26
Q

Where are the 3 constrictions of the ureters?

A

1 - ureteropelvic junction: where pelvis narrows to form the ureters

2 - as the ureter enters the pelvis and crosses over the common iliac artery bifurcation

3 - during passage of ureters into the bladder

27
Q

Which part of the bladder do the ureters enter?

A

Ureteric orifices are found on the superior angles of the trigone of the bladder (smooth triangular area found in the bladder)

28
Q

From which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?

A

Neck of the bladder

29
Q

What is the median umbilical ligament a embryological remnant of?

A

Embryonic urachus

30
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the walls of the bladder?

A

Smooth muscle detrusor

31
Q

What bony joint is found anterior to the urinary bladder?

A

Pubic symphysis

32
Q

What symptoms might a patient experience if they are found to have a larger bladder that may extend into the abdominal cavity?

A

Urine retention

33
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the bladder to the vagina

A

Bladder is anterior to the vagina

34
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the bladder to the uterus

A

Bladder is inferior to the uterus

35
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the bladder and ureters?

A

Transitional epithelium (stratified)

36
Q

What would make a kidney look ill defined on a CT-KUB?

A

Oedema

37
Q

What is a CT KUB?

A

CT of kidneys, ureters and bladder

Anatomy for Systems (8 decks)

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