Urinary System Flashcards
Both the urinary and genital system develop from a common mesodermal ridge know as ______ ______?
intermediate mesoderm
During lateral folding, the intermediate mesoderm moves to a ______ position.
retroperitoneal
The three kidney systems develop in a ____ to _____ sequence.
cranial; caudal
what are the three kidney systems?
pronephros, mesoneephros, and metanephros
T/F. The pronephros is rudimentary and nonfunctional.
True. It degenerates by day 24
What day does the pronephros appear?
day 21 (week 4)
Where is the pronephros found?
in segmented intermediate mesoderm in the cervical region.
T/F. The pronephros is found in the thoracic region.
False. It is found in the cervical region (C5 - C7)
The pronephros degenerates by day ___.
24
The pronephric ducts run _____ and open into the _____.
caudally; cloaca
When does the mesonephros appear?
early week 4
What segments of the intermediate mesoderm comprise the mesonephros?
thoracic and lumbar
T/F. The mesonephroi are functional and produce urine.
True.
Urine is produced by the mesonephros and drains along the ________ or _______ duct to the cloaca/bladder.
mesonephric or Wolffian
at what week does the thoracic segment of the mesonephros regress?
week 5
How long (weeks) does the mesonephros function?
until week 10
The mesonephric _____ open into bilateraly mesonephric ducts.
tubules
the mesonephric vesicles develop _________.
crainocaudally
What are the two mesonephric vesicles?
tubules (~40 total) and primordial nephron
The mesonephric ducts extend into the lower _____ and fuse with the ______ to contribute to the _____ bladder.
lumbar; cloaca; posterior
what are the two components of the metanephros?
- collecting portion (ureteric bud)
2. excretory portion (metanephric blastema)
The collecting portion is known as the _____ bud.
ureteric
The excretory portion is called the metanephric _____.
blastema
What day does the ureteric bud appear?
day 28
The metanephros begins when the metanephric ______ (ureteric buds) sprout from the _____ end of the mesonephric _____ at about ____ weeks.
diverticulum; distal; ducts; 5
what induces the intermediate mesoderm to form a metanephric blastema?
ureteric buds
what region does the metanephric blastema form?
sacral region
What structures does the metanephric blastema form?
glomeruli and tubules of the nephrons
What is the process called where close proximity to the ureteric bud is needed to induce nephron differentiation?
reciprocal induction
T/F. If the ureteric bud is missing or abnormal, the kidney does not develop.
True.
what three structures does the collecting portion include?
ureter, renal pelvis, and major & minor calyces
What structures are included in the excretory portion?
Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tubule.
What weeks does the ascent of the kidneys take place?
weeks 6 - 9
the ascent of the kidneys initially form near the ____ end of the embryo
caudal
Vascular buds grow toward the _____ _____ artery
common iliac
T/F. The kidneys drag their blood supply with them as they ascend
False. They send out new and slightly more cranial branches causing the regression of more caudal branches.
what are three clinical conditions related to the ascent of the kidney?
- Pelvic kidney
- Horseshoe kidney
- Supernumerary arteries
The cloaca in the hindgut is divided by what structure?
urorectal septum
The urorectal septum creates a ventral _____ _____ and a dorsal _____ _____.
urogenital sinus; anorectal canal
The allantois, which connects the bladder to the umbilicus, leaves a remnant called the _____.
urachus
The distal portions of the _______ ducts and ureteric ducts become incorporated into the posterior aspect of the _____, creating the trigone.
mesonephric; bladder
what structures arise from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus in females?
entire urethra and part of the vagina
what structures arise from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus in males?
prostatic and membranous urethras
what structures arise from the phallic part of the urogenital sinus in males?
the spongy urethra
what three conditions are associated with a persistent intraembryonic allantois?
urachal cyst, urachal sinus (superior portion has opening at umbilicus), and urachal fistula (entire duct is opening into the umbilicus)
A male newborn presents with exposure and protrusion of the mucosal surface of the posterior wall of the bladder. What condition is this?
exstrophy of the bladder.
