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Embryology > Development of the Great Vessels > Flashcards

Development of the Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What do the anterior and posterior cardinal vv form?

A

the common cardinal v

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2
Q

What are the 3 veins that drain into the sinus venosus?

A
  1. common cardinal v
  2. vitelline v
  3. umbilical v
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3
Q

T/F. Vitelline = GI tract or yolk sac and umbilical = blood entering or leaving the embryo.

A

True.

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4
Q

Of the three veins that drain into the sinus venosus, which one carries well oxygenated blood from the chorionic sac?

A

umbilical vv

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5
Q

What type of blood does the vitelline vv carry? Common cardinal v?

A

Vitelline returns poorly oxygenated blood from the umbilical vesicle (yolk sac)
Common cardinal returns oxygen poor blood from the body

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6
Q

During the ___ (7/8/9th) week, a shunt between the ___ (1/2) anterior cardinal v forms the ___ ___ vein once the caudal left anterior cardinal vein degenerated.

A

8; 2; left brachiocephalic

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7
Q

How is the superior vena cava formed?

A

by the right anterior cardinal and right common cardinal vv

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8
Q

What structures form the root of the azygos v and common illiac vv?

A

the post cardinal forms these two structures

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9
Q

What vein forms the ductus venosus?

A

the left umbilical vein

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10
Q

What happened to the right umbilical vein?

A

it fully degenerates

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11
Q

The part of the ___ ___ between the heart and the liver degenerates. It is the only vessel carrying ___ (O2/deO2) blood to the embryonic heart.

A

ductus venosus; oxygenated

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12
Q

What structures form the hepatic portal system?

A

the right and left vitelline veins

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13
Q

What are the four segments of the inferior vena cava?

A

hepatic, pre-renal, renal and post-renal

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14
Q

The left ___ ___ horn forms the coronary sinus. The right is incorporated into the primordial right atrium to form the ___ ___ (smooth area).

A

sinus venosus; sinus venarum

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15
Q

T/F. After a right-sided shift, the coronary sinus is formed when it is resorbed into the posterior wall of the right atrium.

A

True.

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16
Q

The ___ veins develop as an outgrowth of the dorsal atrial wall, just to the left of the ___ ___.

A

pulmonary; septum primum

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17
Q

T/F. As the atrium expands, the primordial pulmonary arteries and its branches are incorporated into the wall of the left atrium, resulting in a mostly smooth wall.

A

False, As the atrium expands, the primordial pulmonary VEINS and its branches are incorporated into the wall of the left atrium, resulting in a mostly smooth wall.

18
Q

The bulbus cordis and truncus arterious form ridges and are derived from ___ ___ mesenchyme.

A

neural crest

19
Q

Fusion of the ____ septum and the ___ degree turn caused by the streaming of blood from the ventricles results in bulbus cordis and truncus arterious dividing into the ___ aorta and pulmonary ___.

A

aorticopulmonary; 180; ascending; trunk

20
Q

An infant presents with cyanosis. Evaluation of the heart reveals a patent foramen ovale and an aorticopulmonary septum that did not fully rotate. You diagnosis the infant with Transposition of the Great Vessels. Describe the pulmonary and systemic blood flow.

A

Deoxygenated systemic venous blood to the right atrium enters the right ventricle
Oxygenated pulmonary venous blood passes thru the left ventricle back into pulmonary circulation.

21
Q

What will be seen in a patient with an unequal division of truncus arteriousus?

A 
Tetralogy of Fallot
(PROVe)
1. pulmonary artery stenosis
2. right ventricular hypertrophy
3. overriding aorta (dextroposition of aorta)
4. VSD
22
Q

What is formed by sprouts off the sinus venosus and epicardium?

A

the coronary arteries

23
Q

The connection of the coronary artery to the aorta is formed how?

A

by ingrowth of arterial endothelial cells (this is how the coronary aa “invade” the aorta)

24
Q

What does the first pharyngeal arch aa form?

A

the maxillary and external carotid aa

25
Q

What does the second pharyngeal arch aa form?

A

the stapedial aa

26
Q

What pharyngeal arch aa branch forms the common carotid arteris and the proximal portion of the internal carotid aa?

A

3rd

27
Q

T/F. The right dorsal aorta and 6th right intersegmental a form the proximal part of the right subclavian a.

A

False, The right dorsal aorta and 7TH right intersegmental a form the DISTAL part of the right subclavian a.

28
Q

What artery forms the left subclavian a?

A

The left 7th intersegmental artery

29
Q

The ___th pharyngeal arch has a left artery that forms the arch of the aorta between the left ___ ___ and the left ___.

A

4th; common carotid; subclavian

30
Q

The right artery from the 4th pharyngeal arch a from the ___ part of the right subclavian.

A

proximal

31
Q

What structures comprise the arch of the aorta?

A

combo of:

  1. truncus arteriosus
  2. aortic sac
  3. 4th pharyngeal arch a
  4. left dorsal aorta
32
Q

What pharyngeal arch a forms the pulmonary arteries?

A

6th

33
Q

T/F. The left proximal 6th pharyngeal arch a forms the proximal left pulmonary a and the right proximal forms the proximal right pulmonary a.

A

True.

34
Q

T/F. The left distal 6th pharyngeal arch a degenerates and the right distal forms the ductus arteriosus.

A

False, The RIGHT distal 6th pharyngeal arch a degenerates and the LEFT distal forms the ductus arteriosus.

35
Q

What causes the recurrent laryngeal nerve to differ on each side of the body?

A

The 6th pair of pharyngeal aa because it stays on the left but not on the right. Therefore, there is no loop on the right around the aorta like on the left. Instead the right loops around the right subclavian artery.

36
Q

There are ___ or more branches of the intersegmental aa, but the ___th pair develops into the common iliac aa. and the ___ ___ a in the sacral region.

A

30, 5th; lateral sacral

37
Q

What persist as the celiac trunk, SMA, or IMA?

A

the vitelline aa (unpaired)

38
Q

What structure forms the internal iliac aa and superior vesical aa?

A

the proximal portion of the umbilical aa

39
Q

What are three unique structures to the fetal circulation?

A

ductus venosus, ductus arteriousus, and foramen ovale

40
Q

The ___ duct is formed by the caudal right lymphatic duct and anastomosis of the left and right cranial thoracic ducts. The right ___ duct is formed by the cranial portion of the right thoracic duct.

A

thoracic; lymphatic

Embryology (6 decks)

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