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Embryology > Genital System > Flashcards

Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the mesoderm creates the genital system?

A

intermediate

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2
Q

T/F. The intermediate mesoderm becomes retroperitoneal.

A

True.

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3
Q

The intermediate mesoderm forms the bilateral _____ ______.

A

urogenital ridge

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4
Q

Each urogenital ridge is retroperitoneal and has what two portions?

A

nephrogenic cord and gonadal ridge

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5
Q

The ____ (medial/lateral) portion of the urogenital ridge contributes to the nephrogenic cord during the ___th week of development.

A

lateral; 4

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6
Q

The medial portion of the urogenital ridge contributes to the _____ ridge during the __th week of development.

A

gonadal; 5

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7
Q

weeks ___ - ___ are known as the indifferent stage of sexual development.

A

1 - 6

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8
Q

when is genetic sex determined?

A

at the time of conception

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9
Q

There is no visible differences between males and females until the ___th week.

A

7

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10
Q

What are the two genital ducts?

A

Mesonephric (Wolffian) and Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts

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11
Q

Primordial germ cells migrate to the gonadal ridge beginning at week ___ and arrive there by week ___.

A

4; 6

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12
Q

The _______ lining each gonadal ridge thickens and ______ cells become gonadal ____ cells.

A

mesothelium; mesothelia; cord cells

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13
Q

Cord cells form solid ____ ____ that sink into underlying ______ to “welcome” (envelop) primordial germ cells.

A

gonadal (cortical) cords; mesenchyme

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14
Q

What is the sex determining region of the Y chromosome?

A

SRY gene

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15
Q

What does the SRY gene code for?

A

TDF (testes-determining factor)

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16
Q

TDF induces the formation of what structures?

A

Leydig cells and Seminiferous tubules + Rete testes

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17
Q

where do Leydig cells develop?

A

from mesenchyme of gonadal ridge

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18
Q

At what week do cord cells form primitive gonadal (cortical ) cords?

A

6 week

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19
Q

Gonadal cords separate from the cortex and extend into the ____ of testicles to form _____ _____ and _____ ______.

A

medulla; seminiferous tubules; rete testes

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20
Q

what induces mesonephric ducts to form male genital ducts?

A

testosterone

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21
Q

what cells produce testosterone?

A

leydig cells

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22
Q

what does testosterone stimulate the formation of?

A

male genital ducts and external genitalia

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23
Q

what week does testosterone peek?

A

week 8

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24
Q

What are the three male genital ducts?

A

mesonephric duct, superior end of mesonephric duct, and mesonephric tubules

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25
Q

The mesonephric ducts becomes what structure?

A

ductus deferens

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26
Q

The superior end of the mesonephric duct develops into what structure?

A

epididymis

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27
Q

what does the mesonephric tubules create?

A

efferent ductules

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28
Q

The ____ ends of the mesonephric ducts develop into the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts.

A

caudal

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29
Q

when does the descent of the testes begin and end?

A

begin at week 26

end at week 32 (testes in scrotum)

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30
Q

The ____ extends from the gonad to the labioscrotal swelling (future scrotal sac).

A

gubernaculum

31
Q

As the gubernaculum ____, it pulls the testis, ductus deferens, and testicular vessels ____ through the abdominal wall (must traverse the inguinal canal) into the scrotal sac.

A

shortens; inferiorly

32
Q

the pouch that forms around the 12th week that is carried into the scrotum by the descent of the testes is called the ____ _____.

A

processes vaginalis

33
Q

the internal spermatic fascia is from the _____ fascia.

A

transversalis

34
Q

the cremasteric fascia is from the _____ ____ muscle.

A

internal oblique

35
Q

The external spermatic fascia is from the ____ ____ muscle.

A

external oblique

36
Q

what is a congential inguinal hernia caused by?

A

a patent processus vaginalis

37
Q

What develops in a hydroceoele of the testes / spermatic cord?

A

fluid-filled cysts

38
Q

What condition is known as failure of the testes to descend?

A

cryptorchidism

39
Q

what is formed if there is no SRy or TDF?

A

stromal cells and follicular cells

40
Q

where do stromal cells develop from?

A

the mesenchyme of the gonadal ridge

41
Q

Where do follicular cells develop from?

A

gonadal cord cells

42
Q

follicular cells surround the primordial germ cells and form ____ _____.

A

ovarian follicles

43
Q

when do oogonia become primary ooctes?

A

months 3 - 7

44
Q

if there is low testosterone, what will regress?

A

mesonephric ducts

45
Q

if there is no mullerin inhibiting hormone because there are no ____ ____, then what structure continues to grow and develop?

A

sertoli cells; mullerian (paramesonephric) ducts

46
Q

what are the three remnants of the mesonephric duct?

A

epoophoron, parapphoron, gartner duct cysts

47
Q

which remnant of the mesonephric duct is more superior? inferior?

A

superior - epoophoron

inferior - paraophoron

48
Q

what structures are the gartner duct cysts located near?

A

cervix of the uterus

49
Q

what structures will the Mullerian duct form?

A

uterine tubes, uterus, and superior vagina.

50
Q

T/F. The mullerian duct forms the inferior vagina.

A

False, it forms the superior vagina

51
Q

The ___ ends of the Mullerian ducts form the uterine tubes.

A

cranial

52
Q

the caudal ends of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form the ____ ____, which will form the uterus and the superior portion of the vaginal canal.

A

uterovaginal primordium

53
Q

the uterovaginal primordium contact the dorsal wall of the ____ ____ and induces the formation of a pair of endodermal outgrowths - the ____ ____.

A

urogenital sinus; sinovaginal bulbs

54
Q

T/F. The sinovaginal bulbs separate from the urogenital sinus and fuse with the uterovaginal primordium.

A

true.

55
Q

The ____ ____ plate becomes the inferior portion of the vagina.

A

vaginal plate

56
Q

The urogenital sinus forms the ____ (superior/inferior) vagina.

A

inferior

57
Q

The central ____ cells of the vaginal plate degenerate, forming the vaginal canal.

A

endodermal

58
Q

what are the four endodermal outgrowths from the urogenital sinus?

A
  1. sinovaginal bulbs
  2. greater vestibular glands
  3. urethral glands
  4. paraurethral glands
59
Q

T/F. The ovaries do not descend.

A

False. The ovaries descend, but not to the extent of the testes.

60
Q

The ____ ____ is the superior part of the gubernaculum.

A

ovarian ligament

61
Q

the ___ ____ of the uterus is the inferior part of the gubernaculum.

A

round ligament

62
Q

Up to the ___th week, the external genitalia are similar in both sexes.

A

7th

63
Q

when are the external genitalia fully differentiated?

A

week 12

64
Q

Early in the ___th week, proliferating mesenchyme produces a ___ ___ (primordium of penis or clitoris) in both sexes at the ____ (crainal/caudal) end of the cloacal membrane.

A

4th; genital tubercle; cranial

65
Q

Testosterone produced by ____ (Sertoli/Leydig) cells induces the differentiation of male external genitalia.

A

Leydig

66
Q

what structures fold under ventrally and fuse to form the penile shaft?

A

urethral folds

67
Q

The ____ ____ fuse at the midline to form the scrotum.

A

labioscrotal swellings

68
Q

_____(endoderm/ectoderm)-lined distal spongy urethra meets _____(endoderm/ectoderm) lined proximal spongy urethra.

A

ectoderm; endoderm

69
Q

The genital tubercle forms the ___ ___ in males and the ____ in females.

A

glans penis; clitoris

70
Q

The urethra folds remain UNfused to form the ___ ___ in females.

A

labia minora

71
Q

T/F. The labioscrotal swellings fuse posteriorly and anteriorly but remain unfused to form the labia majora.

A

True.

72
Q

what cells produce Mullerian inhibiting hormone?

A

sertoli cells

73
Q

What does mullerian inhibiting hormone do?

A

cause the mullerian (paramesonephric) ducts to regress

74
Q

what is the mullerian duct remnant?

A

appendix testis

Embryology (6 decks)

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