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Radiographic Pathology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

80% of these structures contain enough calcium to be radiopaque

A

Urinary calculi

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2
Q

A third kidney is known as

A

Supernumerary kidney

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3
Q

Cystic dilatation of the distal ureter

A

Ureterocele

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4
Q

Destructive process involving the medullary papillae and the terminal renal pyramids

A

Papillary necrosis

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5
Q

Dilatation of the renal pelvicalyceal area

A

Hydronephrosis

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6
Q

Dilatation of the ureter

A

Hydroureter

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7
Q

Ectopic kidney found in the pelvis

A

Abnormally positioned kidney (Positioning anomaly)

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8
Q

Evidence of a solitary kidney

A

Renal agenesis

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9
Q

Extension of a clot from the inferior vena cava

A

Renal vein thrombus

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10
Q

Finger like projection into the lumen of the bladder

A

Bladder carcinoma

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11
Q

Fluid filled unilocular mass

A

Renal cyst

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12
Q

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

A

Cystitis

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13
Q

Inflammatory process involving the tufts of the capillaries that filter the blood

A

Glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

Lesion arising from embryonic renal tissue most commonly found in infants and during childhood

A

Wilms’ tumor

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15
Q

Fusion of the lower poles of the left and right kidneys

A

Horseshoe kidney

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16
Q

Most common renal neoplasm, also known as a hypernephroma

A

Renal carcinoma

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17
Q

Multiple cysts of varying size causing progressive renal impairment

A

Polycystic kidney

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18
Q

Pyogenic bacteria causing inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

A

Pyelonephritis

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19
Q

Results in a condition called uremia, an accumulation of excessive blood levels of urea and creatine

A

Chronic renal failure

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20
Q

Thin transverse membrane in the urethra preventing micturition

A

Posterior urethral valves

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21
Q

Calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma are termed

A

Nephrocalcinosis

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22
Q

When the kidneys are fused at their lower poles, they are termed…

A

Horseshoe Kidney

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23
Q

Which term is applied to a renal calculus that completely fills the renal pelvis?

A

Staghorn Calculus

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24
Q

What term is applied to an acquired condition that occurs when one kidney is required to do the job of two kidneys?

A

Compensatory Hypertrophy

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25
Q

What is the most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood?

A

Wilm’s tumor

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26
Q

A miniature replica of a kidney is termed:

A

Hypoplastic Kidney

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27
Q

Commonly associated with duplicated ureters

A

Ureteroceles

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28
Q

Cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder is called a:

A

Ureterocele

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29
Q

What is the blockage above the level of the bladder, causing dilatation of the renal pelvicalyceal system referred to as?

A

Hydronephorsis

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30
Q

Chronic cystitis is evidenced radiographically by a

A

Decrease in bladder size and wall irregularity

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31
Q

Bilateral enlarged,smooth kidney.

IVU delayed and prolonged nephrogram.

A

Acute Renal Failure

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32
Q
  • 4th most common cancer in men.
  • Begins in the lining (epithelium) of the bladder
  • Projects into the bladder and may infiltrate the bladder wall with calcifications on surface or within tumor.
A

Bladder Carcinoma

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33
Q
  • Calcifications on surface or within tumor.

- Finger like projections into the lumen or may infiltrate the wall. Bladder wall thickening.

A

Bladder Carcinoma

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34
Q 
Renal Hypoplasia
Unilateral Renal Agenesis
Ectopic Kidney
Crossed Renal Ectopia
Horseshoe Kidney
Duplication or Duplex Kidney
Supernumerary Kidney
Ureterocele
A

Types of Congenital Anomalies

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35
Q

An underdeveloped kidney (miniature replica) other kidney may be hyperplastic

A

Renal Hypoplasia

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36
Q
  • Failure of kidney formation during fetal development

- Mutation in genes during development, resulting in absence of kidney on one side.

A

Unilateral Renal Agenesis

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37
Q

Kidney is out of its normal position and may appear in the abdomen, pelvis or thoracic area

A

Ectopic Kidney

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38
Q
  • One kidney lies across the midline and is fused to the other kidney
  • Ureters cross midline and enter bladder on proper side
A

Crossed Renal Ectopia

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39
Q

Lower poles of the kidneys are joined across the midline by a band of soft tissues.

A

Horseshoe Kidney

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40
Q

Bifid pelvis or completely double pelvis, ureter and ureterovesical orifice

A

Duplication or Duplex Kidney

41
Q

Failure to remove nitrogen

A

Uremia

42
Q

The most common fusion anomaly (mostly in males)

A

Horseshoe kidney

43
Q

Complications include obstruction and vesicoureteral reflux with infection

A

Duplex kidney

44
Q

The presence of a third, small kidney which contains a separate pelvis and ureter.

A

Supernumerary Kidney

45
Q

Rare anomaly that often becomes symptomatic from infection.

A

Supernumerary Kidney

46
Q

Cyst-like dilatation of a ureter near its opening into the bladder resulting from congenital stenosis of the ureteral orifice with varying degrees of dilation of proximal ureter.

A

Ureterocele

47
Q

A cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its opening into the bladder

A

Ureterocele

48
Q

Lesion fills with contrast -“Cobrahead” radiographic appearance

A

Ureterocele

49
Q

Glomerulonephritis (Bright’s Disease)
Pyelonephritis
Cystitis

A

Types of Inflammatory Disorders

50
Q

Antigen-antibody reaction in the glomeruli causes an inflammatory reaction of the renal parenchyma.

A

Glomerulonephritis (Bright’s Disease)

51
Q

Bacterial infection of the calyces and renal pelvis.

A

Pyelonephritis

52
Q

Most stones form in the calyces and renal pelvis

A

Kidney Stones

53
Q

Ureterovesical junction is the most common site for lodging

A

Kidney Stones

54
Q

A large stone that completely fills the renal pelvis, blocking the flow of urine.

A

Staghorn Calculus

55
Q

Small, irregular, and poorly calcified stones most often result from the downward movement of kidney stones.

A

Ureteral stones

56
Q

Disorder primarily of elderly men with obstruction or infection of the lower UT.

A

Bladder stones

57
Q

Obstructive disorder of the urinary system that causes dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine.

A

Hydronephrosis

58
Q 
Simple Renal Cyst
Polycystic Renal Disease
Renal Carcinoma
Nephroblastoma
Bladder Carcinoma
A

Types of Cystes & Tumors

59
Q

Fluid filled cyst that may vary in size, single or multiple and may affect one or both kidneys

A

Simple Renal Cyst

60
Q

Contains calcifications, mass with indistinct outline, tumor has density similar to normal tissue. AKA: Hypernephroma or Grawitz tumor

A

Renal Carcinoma

61
Q

Arises from immature kidney cells that fail to develop.

A

Nephroblastoma

62
Q

Most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy & childhood. AKA: Wilm’s Tumor

A

Nephroblastoma

63
Q

Miniature replica

A

Renal Hypoplasia

64
Q

IVU demonstrates a single functioning kidney.

A

Unilateral Renal Agenesis

65
Q

Solitary kidney with 2nd kidney seen in another location pelvis or thorax.

A

Ectopic Kidney

66
Q

Lies on the same side as the normal kidney (across midline) fused to other kidney.

A

Crossed Renal Ectopia

67
Q

IVU kidney malrotation and parenchymal fusion.

A

Horseshoe Kidney

68
Q

IVU double renal pelvis in single kidney; two ureters exiting kidney and emptying into bladder

A

Duplication or Duplex Kidney

69
Q

Normal to increased kidney size. Chronic cases produce bilateral small kidneys.

A

Glomerulonephritis

70
Q
  • IVU (normal)
  • Generalized kidney enlargement
  • Delayed calyceal opacification.
  • Decreased density of contrast.
A

(Acute case) Pyelonephritis

71
Q
  • Blunting to clubbing (round) of calyces

- May progress to end stage renal carcinoma

A

Pyelonephritis (Chronic case)

72
Q
  • Ring of lucent gas outlining bladder wall or lumen.

- Diabetic Patients

A

Emphysematous cystitis

73
Q

Most common site for lodging is the ureterovesical junction and pelvic brim.

A

Kidney stones

74
Q

Large stone that completely fills the renal pelvis blocking the flow of urine.

A

Staghorn calculus

75
Q

Most often result from the downward movement of kidney stones.

A

Ureteral stones

76
Q

Single or multiple. Vary in size, circular or oval Jackstone

A

Bladder stones

77
Q

Varies from scattered densities to very dense and extensive calcifications

A

Nephrocalcinosis

78
Q

Generally enlarged kidney with

moderately dilated calyces

A

Acute Hydronephrosis

79
Q

Greatly dilated pelvicalyceal system & ureter proximal to obstruction

A

Chronic Hydronephrosis

80
Q

Margin appears as a very thin and smooth radiopaque rim about a bulging lucent cyst.

A

Simple renal cyst

81
Q

Beak sign Thickened rim represents possible bleeding into cyst, infection or malignant lesion.

A

Simple renal cyst

82
Q

Enlarged kidney with a multilobulated contour. Nephrogram mottled or Swiss cheese pattern due to # of cysts.

A

Polycystic Kidney Disease

83
Q

IVU pronounced distortion and displacement of the pelvicalyceal system. Downward and lateral displacement

A

Nephroblastoma

84
Q

Localized bulging or generalized enlargement.

A

Renal Carcinoma

85
Q

IVU may produce sufficient opacification of kidneys for diagnostic value.

A

Chronic renal failure

86
Q

Bright’s Disease

A

Glomerulonephritis

87
Q

Wilm’s Tumor

A

Nephroblastoma

88
Q

Renal carnicoma

A

Hypernephroma

89
Q

The imaging criteria for pyelography are the same as for an abdominal radiograph but must include the area from the _____ to the _____.

a. diapraghm; kidney
b. kidneys; pelvis
c. kidneys; superior pubis
d. diaphragm; inferior bladder

A

d. diaphragm; inferior bladder

90
Q

What organ of the body plays an essential role in maintaining the acid-base balance of the blood and body fluids, and also the electrolyte balance?

a. nephron
b. glomerulus
c. bladder
d. kidney

A

d. kidney

91
Q

A bacterial inflammation of teh kidney and renal pelvis is termed ____.

a. renitis
b. pyelonephritis
c. glomerulities
d. none of the above

A

b. pyelonephritis

92
Q

The medical term used to desribe dilated calyces and renal pelvis is ______.

a. hydronephrosis
b. pyelonephrities
c. nephrosis
d. none of the above

A

a. hydronephrosis

93
Q

What is the name for the most common abdominal neoplasm of infants and children?

a. polycystic disease
b. pyelonephritis
c. Wilms’ tumor
d. hypernephroma

A

c. Wilms’ tumor

94
Q

What is the name of the most common fusion anomaly of the kidneys?

a. complete fusion
b. crossed ectopia
c. pelvic kidney
d. horseshoe kidney

A

d. horseshoe kidney

95
Q

What is the name for a cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near the bladder?

a. compensatory hypertrophy
b. renal agenesis
c. ureterocele
d. hypoplasty

A

c. ureterocele

96
Q

Name the first portion of the kidney to become visible after injection of a contrast agent.

a. nephron
b. glomerulus
c. Bowman’s capsule
d. calyces

A

a. nephron

97
Q

What term is used to describe a kidney not in the normal area of the abdomen?

a. horseshoe
b. duplex
c. ectopic
d. ectopic ureterocele

A

c. ectopic

98
Q

The medical term for painful urination is _____.

a. dysuria
b. anuria
c. micturition
d. exacerbation

A

a. dysuria

Radiographic Pathology (5 decks)

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