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Radiographic Pathology > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

Esophagus fails to develop past some point resulting in a pouch

A

Esophageal atresia

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2
Q

A pathology where the esophagus develops a connection to the trachea.

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

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3
Q

What is the diagnosis for congenital condition of the esophagus

A

a looping of the feeding tube

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4
Q

What are the possible causes of acquired esophageal fistula

A

mediastinum malignancy, infectious process, trauma, perforation from an endoscopy procedure, NG tube, esophageal cancer (late complication)

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5
Q

Most common cause of acute esophagitis

A

Esophagitis

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6
Q

What is esophagitis commonly referred to?

A

Corkscrew esophagus

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7
Q

What does GERD stand for?

A

Any symptomatic condiction or structural change caused by reflex

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8
Q

Normal lining of lower esophagus is replaced by tissue similar to stomach

A

Barrett’s Esophagus

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9
Q

Superficial ulcerations or erosions appearing as streaks or dots of barium. Outer border of barium filled esophagus appears hazy & serrated.

A

Reflux Esophagitis

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10
Q

A type of pathology that appears as a flat plaguelike lesion, has irregular walls with mucosal destruction (infiltrating lesion), and has polypoid lesion

A

Esophageal Cancer

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11
Q

At what age does esophageal cancer likely start?

A

40 years or over

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12
Q

Mucosal outpouchings, generally asymptomatic

A

Esophageal Diverticula

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13
Q

Tell me what a Pulsion is and describe its nature.

A

False type of esophageal diverticula results from motility disorder and contains mucosa and submucosa

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14
Q

Name the two types of Pulsion?

A

Zenker found at the pharyngoesophageal junction and Epiphrenic found at the distal esophagus

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15
Q

Contains all the layers of a wall, only found at the opposite side of the bifuraction of trachea, and develops in response to the pulling of adhesion after infection of lymph nodes

A

Traction (Esophageal Diverticula)

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16
Q

Dilated vns in the esophageal wall caused by increased pressure due to portal hypertension (associated with cirrhosis)

A

Esophageal Varices

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17
Q

Serpiginous thickening of folds with round or oval filling defects. Has a work like appearance on the image

A

Esophageal Varices

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18
Q

Most common abnormality seen on UGI. Half of the population over 50 has it.

A

Hiatal Hernia

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19
Q

Portion of stomach slides above diaphragm leaving GE junction below diaphragm

A

Paraesophagel hernia

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20
Q

Failure of lower esophageal sphincter to relax leading to dysphagia. Proximal dilation, gradual tapering & narrowing of distal portion.Happens between the ages 20 to 40.

A

Achalasia

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21
Q

Wide spectrum of foreign bodies some requiring the use of contrast to visualize. May cause dysphagia and requires 2 projections.

A

Foreign bodies

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22
Q

Inner lining of esophagus tears at or near its connection to stomach (GE junction). Conditions that lead to violent and lengthy bouts of coughing or vomiting.Endoscopy procedure demonstrate laceration.

A

Perforation of Esophagus

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23
Q

Weakness of esophageal hiatus permitting a portion of the stomach to emerge into thoracic cavity. Mostly asymptomatic and associated with reflux

A

Hiatal Hermina

24
Q

Inflammation of the stomach. Changes the normal surface pattern of the gastric mucosa.

A

Gastritis

25
Q

A form of gastritis where the gastric mucosa is thickening. What caused this to happen?

A

Alcohol

26
Q

A form of gastritis where the gastric mucosa is narrowing and gastric outlet obstruction. What caused this to happen?

A

Corrosive materials

27
Q

A type of pathology where inflammatory processes involving the stomach and duodenum. Occurs most frequently @ lesser curvature and caused by action of acid and pepsin.

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

28
Q

Most common place to have peptic ulcer disease

A

duodenal ulcer. occurs in duodenal bulb (95%) benign.

29
Q

A uncommon place to have peptic ulcer disease

A

lesser curvature of stomach (5%) malignant

30
Q

A pathology affecting the distal stomach. Having diffused thickening, narrowing and fixation of stomach wall. Stomach contracts into tubular structure. Has large, irregular polypoid mass

A

Stomach Cancer

31
Q

A congenital anomaly where the pyloric canal is greatly narrowed due to hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter. Occurs mostly males (4x)

A

Pyloric Stenosis

32
Q

Undigested material that becomes trapped in the stomach and causes obstruction

A

Bezoars

33
Q

Mostly found after gastroectomy, remaining stomach does not break down food to prepare for digestion, food remains and forms a mass

A

Phytobezoars

34
Q

mass made of hair and fingernails, patients with mental or anxiety disorders

A

Trichobezoar

35
Q

Congenital diverticulum of the distal ileum. Remnant of a duct connecting SB to the umbilicus in the fetus

A

Meckel Diverticulum

36
Q

Also know as Regional enteritis. Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall includes ulcerations & fissures. Has discontinuous disease areas with normal bowel .

A

Crohn’s Disease

37
Q

Bowel lumen becomes occluded due to variety of reason (hernia, tumor adhesions & peritonitis. Distended loops of bowel with gas & fluid.

A

Mechanical SB Obstruction

38
Q

Involves entire GI tract where large amounts of gas & fluid are found in both the small and large bowel. Generally last no longer than 3 days. The causes for this pathology my arise from surgery, peritonitis, and medications

A

Adynamic or Paralytic Lleus

39
Q

Selective or disproportionate gaseous distention of the large bowel with obstruction. Massive distention of the cecum due from horizontally oriented

A

Colonic ileus

40
Q

A segment of telecsopes into a distal segment and is driven further into bowel by peristalsis. It has coiled-spring appearance where barium is trapped between intussuscepting & surrounding bowel. Occurs more common in children & infants

A

Intussusception

41
Q

Early signs include irregular thickening. Distortion of mucosal folds. Fistulas begin as ulcers that burrow through walls into loops of bowel

A

Crohn’s Desease

42
Q

Isolated distended loops of small or large bowel. Portion of involved bowel my offer clue to the underlying disease

A

Localized ileus

43
Q

Also know as a Congenital Megacolon. Absence of neurons in bowel wall preventing relaxation and peristalsis. This mostly affects males

A

Hirschsprung’s Disease

44
Q

Neck of appendeix becomes blocked by fecallith or postinflammatory scarring creating a closed loop of obstruction. Also known as gold standard. in CT.

A

Appendicitis

45
Q

Most common in sigmoid colon with adults over the age of 40. Occurs in clusters with round or oval outpouhings of barium projecting beyond confine of lumen

A

Diverticula without inflammation

46
Q

Chronic inflammation of the large colon mostly affecting young adults. Usually affects the rectosigmoid/ileum area. Appears continuous without evidence of skipped area and does not involve the small bowel.

A

Ulcerative Colitis

47
Q

A noncontiguous pathology that involves the proximal portion of the colon. The disease procegress with ulcers becoming deepr & more irregular. Thickening of the bowels blead to narrowing & strictures formation.

A

Crohn’s Colitis

48
Q

An abrupt onset of lower abdominal pain & rectal bleeding. Usually effecting patients over the age of 50 with a history of CV. As a thumbprint appearance

A

Ischemic Colitis

49
Q

Alteration in intestinal motility. Disruption of the food sequence breakdown in stomach & intestines.

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

50
Q

3rd most common cause of cancer mortality. Fifty percent of all cases occur in the rectum & sigmoid. Usually affects men from 50 to 70 years of age

A

Colon Cancer

51
Q

Majority results from colon cancer. diverticulities and volvulus. Less acute than SB obstructions, develops slowly.

A

Large Bowel Obstruction

52
Q

Has a lead-pipe appearance containing deep ulcers outlined by gas or polypoid changes.

A

Ulcerative Colitis

53
Q

Has irregular, lobulated surface or a apple-core or napkin ring appearance.

A

Colon Cancer. Annular Carcinoma

54
Q

Colon appears collapsed and free of gas. Large dilated colon with greatly distended, thin walled cecum.

A

Large Bowel Obstruction

55
Q

Twisting of bowel onto itself which leads to obstruction & possibly gangrene. Involves cecum & sigmoid. Has a bird-beak sign luminal tapering at site of stenosis.

A

Volvulus

56
Q

Benign neoplasm that project into the lumen of bowel. Found in decending colon, sigmoid & rectal area

A

Polyps

Radiographic Pathology (5 decks)

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