Urinary System Flashcards
What are the main regions of the kidney?
Internal structures - cortex, medulla, pyramids, papilla, pelvis, and the calyx.
External region - an indentation called the hilum
What is the primary structures of a nephron?
> renal corpuscle - Bowman capsule and glomerulus
renal tubule - proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), nephron loop (Henle loop), distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct (CD)
What is the relationship of the glomerular capsule when discussing segments of the renal tubule and the directional terms “proximal” and “distal”?
Refers to how far away these structures are from the Bowman capsule
What is the role of filtration in the kidney?
Fluid, electrolytes, and wastes from metabolism are filtered from the blood and enter the nephron.
What are the 3 basic processes that occur in the nephron?
filtration
reabsorption
secretion
Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
renal corpuscle
(Bowman capsule plus the encased glomerulus)
Where does reabsorption occur in the nephron?
renal tubules
- composed of the proximal convoluted tubules, the nephron loop, the distal convoluted tubules, and the collecting ducts.
What is the function of ANH?
Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) secreted from the heart’s atrial wall has the opposite effect of aldosterone.
ANH stimulates kidney tubules to secrete more sodium and thus lose more water. It is a salt- and water-losing hormone and thus increases urine volume.
How does ADH and aldosterone affect urine output?
ADH decreases the amount of urine by making collecting tubules permeable to water, letting water be reabsorbed from them.
Aldosterone stimulates reabsorption of sodium salts at a faster rate, letting water be retained.
How do anuria and polyuria differ?
Anuria = absence of urine
polyuria - large amounts of urine
Through what tubes does urine leave the kidney?
Ureter
What structural characteristic fo the bladder allow it to expand to hold urine?
Elastic fibers and involuntary muscle fibers
Through what structure does urine pass from the bladder to the outside of the body?
Urethra
What is overflow incontinence?
intermittent dribbling of urine.
It is the result of urinary retention and an overdistended bladder, which often occur in men with enlarged prostate glands.
