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BIO 101 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Works as your body’s filtration system

A

Urinary system

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2
Q

When your urinary system
removes toxins and wastes from your body, it
comes out as?

A

Pee (Urine)

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3
Q

Main organs of the Urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

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4
Q

have an excretory system that removes waste and excess water from their bodies

A

Flatworms

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5
Q

A network of ____ runs the length of the
flatworm’s body on each side

A

Tubules

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6
Q

Tiny cells connected to the tubules
that contain cilia that beat to move waste and
water into the tubules

A

Flame Cells

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7
Q

In the Flatworms, the ____ create a current
that moves the waste toward the excretory pores

A

cilia

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8
Q

Small pores in the posterior region
of the body where the waste is released

A

Excretory pores

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9
Q

has almost the same set of urinary system

A

Frog

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10
Q

chamber that
collects waste from the digestive, urinary, and
reproductive systems (Frog)

A

Cloaca

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11
Q

Paired organs filtering waste

A

Kidneys

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12
Q

Tubes connecting kidneys to bladder

A

Ureters

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13
Q

Stores urine

A

Urinary bladder

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14
Q

Tube for urine expulsion

A

Urethra

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15
Q

Are about the size of a fist

A

Kidney

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16
Q

10 to 12 ounces (280g to 340g)

A

Kidney

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17
Q

All ____ have Urinary System

A

Vertebrate animals

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18
Q

The ____ part of the kidney is slightly placed ____

A

right; lower

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19
Q

responsible for maintaining homeostasis,
or a stable internal environment, for the
body’s cells and tissues

A

Kidney

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20
Q

filter blood, remove excess fluids and acids,
and balance water, salt, and minerals.

A

Kidney

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21
Q

produce a hormone that helps control
blood pressure

A

Kidney

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22
Q

Kidney layers?

A

Renal Fascia, Perirenal Fat Capsule, Fibrous Capsule

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23
Q

The outermost kidney layer, and is made
up of fibrous connective tissues that secure the
kidneys in place. A dense, elastic connective tissue
envelope enclosing the kidney and adrenal gland
together.

A

Renal Fascia

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24
Q

This layer serves as the
cushion of the kidney. Made up of adipose tissue,
or fat, that surrounds the kidneys and the
suprarenal glands

A

Perirenal Fat Capsule

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25
Q

The innermost layer of the
kidney to prevent infection from spreading. The
capsule is composed of tough fibers, chiefly
collagen and elastin (fibrous proteins), that help to
support the kidney mass and protect the vital tissue
from injury.

A

Fibrous Capsule

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26
Q

Kidney regions?

A

Renal Cortex, Renal Medulla, Renal Pelvis

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27
Q

located at the outer region of
the kidney. It appears granular due to the
presence of glomeruli

A

Renal Cortex

28
Q

located in the deeper region
of the kidney and it contains the renal
pyramids.

A

Renal Medulla

29
Q

cone-shaped structures responsible for concentrating urine

A

Renal Pyramids

30
Q

located in the hilum of the
kidney. It is a flat-funnel-shaped tube that
collects the urine from the calyx and channels
it into the ureter.

A

Renal Pelvis

31
Q

cup-shaped cavity in the kidney that
collects urine before it passes into the bladder

A

Calyx

32
Q

small funnel-shaped
chamber that surround the renal
pyramids. Urine from the renal papilla
drains into the ____

A

Minor Calyces

33
Q

formed when four or
five minor calyces converge.

A

Major Calyces

34
Q

fundamental and functional unit of the
kidney. Each kidney contains
approximately one million of this. It is
responsible for filtering blood and
producing urine.

A

Nephron

34
Q

initial filtering unit of the
nephron.

A

Renal Corpuscle

35
Q

a network of capillaries
where blood is filtered. It is the main
filtering unit of the kidney

A

Glomerulus

36
Q

cup-shaped
structure that surrounds the glomerulus
and collects the filtered urine

A

Bowman’s Capsule

37
Q

extends from the Bowman’s
Capsule and ends when it empties into the
collecting duct.

A

Renal Tubule

38
Q

Subdivisions of the Renal Tubule

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Nephron Loop, and Distal Convoluted Tubule

39
Q

a large duct that collects urine
from the multiple nephrons

A

Collecting Duct

40
Q

it is about 25 com long muscular tubes that
transport urine from the kidney to the urinary
bladder. They are lined with smooth muscle that
contracts rhythmically, so that the urine can run
along their length. They carry the urine from the
kidney to the bladder, where it will be temporarily
stored.

A

Ureter

41
Q
  • hollow muscular organ that stores urine until it is
    excreted. It is located in the pelvis cavity and has
    a capacity of about 500 ml of urine in women and
    700 ml in men
A

Bladder

42
Q

Bladder is lined with a special type of epithelium called ____. It allows the bladder to stretch and expand as it fills
with urine

A

Transitional Epithelium

43
Q

A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the
outside of the body. It is shorter in females about 4 cm long and males
have about 20 cm in length as it transports both
urine and semen during sexual activity

A

Urethra

44
Q

Blood flows through the kidneys through the

A

right and
left renal arteries

45
Q

originate from
the abdominal aorta and enter the renal hila
to supply the kidneys

A

renal arteries

46
Q

Blood coming into the kidney is rich in ____
and ____ and ____

A

oxygen; nutrients; waste materials

47
Q

Renal capillaries are located?

A

in and around the nephrons

48
Q

Brings blood to the kidneys; Blood is rich in oxygen, nutrients and metabolic wastes

A

Renal Artery

49
Q

Blood vessels that drain the kidney. Connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava; Blood has less oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes

A

Renal Vein

50
Q

_____ take a simple filtrate of the blood
and modify it into ____

A

Nephrons; urine

51
Q

The principle task of the ____ is
to balance the plasma to homeostatic set
points and excrete potential toxins in the urine

A

Nephron population

52
Q

Three principle functions

A

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

53
Q

waste byproduct formed from excess
water and metabolic waste molecules during the
process of renal system filtration

A

Urine

54
Q

Primary function of the renal system is?

A

to regulate blood volume and plasma osmolarity

55
Q

blood enters the afferent
arteriole and flows into the glomerulus

A

Glomerular Filtration

56
Q

filterable components accumulate in the
glomerulus to form the

A

Glomerular filtrate

57
Q

volume of
glomerular filtrate formed per minute by the
kidneys; regulated by multiple
mechanisms and is an important indicator of
kidney function

A

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

58
Q

occurs in the Proximal
convoluted tubule (PCT) part of the renal
tubule

A

Tubular reabsorption

59
Q

is the most abundant ion and
most of it is reabsorbed by active transport
and then transported to the peritubular
capillaries

A

Sodium (Na)

60
Q

In the tubular reabsorption or secretion, ____ and this occurs either by passive or active transport.

A

Almost all nutrients are reabsorbed

61
Q

are regulated and can be
influenced by hormones

A

Reabsorption of water and some key electrolytes

62
Q

most of the sodium is reabsorbed by active transport
and then transported to the

A

peritubular capillaries

63
Q

Water is also independently reabsorbed into
the peritubular capillaries due to the presence
of

A

aquaporins, or water channels

64
Q

The ____ increases as it moves
deeper into the medulla

A

Osmotic gradient

65
Q
A

BIO 101 (5 decks)

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