Urinary System Flashcards
Works as your body’s filtration system
Urinary system
When your urinary system
removes toxins and wastes from your body, it
comes out as?
Pee (Urine)
Main organs of the Urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
have an excretory system that removes waste and excess water from their bodies
Flatworms
A network of ____ runs the length of the
flatworm’s body on each side
Tubules
Tiny cells connected to the tubules
that contain cilia that beat to move waste and
water into the tubules
Flame Cells
In the Flatworms, the ____ create a current
that moves the waste toward the excretory pores
cilia
Small pores in the posterior region
of the body where the waste is released
Excretory pores
has almost the same set of urinary system
Frog
chamber that
collects waste from the digestive, urinary, and
reproductive systems (Frog)
Cloaca
Paired organs filtering waste
Kidneys
Tubes connecting kidneys to bladder
Ureters
Stores urine
Urinary bladder
Tube for urine expulsion
Urethra
Are about the size of a fist
Kidney
10 to 12 ounces (280g to 340g)
Kidney
All ____ have Urinary System
Vertebrate animals
The ____ part of the kidney is slightly placed ____
right; lower
responsible for maintaining homeostasis,
or a stable internal environment, for the
body’s cells and tissues
Kidney
filter blood, remove excess fluids and acids,
and balance water, salt, and minerals.
Kidney
produce a hormone that helps control
blood pressure
Kidney
Kidney layers?
Renal Fascia, Perirenal Fat Capsule, Fibrous Capsule
The outermost kidney layer, and is made
up of fibrous connective tissues that secure the
kidneys in place. A dense, elastic connective tissue
envelope enclosing the kidney and adrenal gland
together.
Renal Fascia
This layer serves as the
cushion of the kidney. Made up of adipose tissue,
or fat, that surrounds the kidneys and the
suprarenal glands
Perirenal Fat Capsule
The innermost layer of the
kidney to prevent infection from spreading. The
capsule is composed of tough fibers, chiefly
collagen and elastin (fibrous proteins), that help to
support the kidney mass and protect the vital tissue
from injury.
Fibrous Capsule
Kidney regions?
Renal Cortex, Renal Medulla, Renal Pelvis
located at the outer region of
the kidney. It appears granular due to the
presence of glomeruli
Renal Cortex
located in the deeper region
of the kidney and it contains the renal
pyramids.
Renal Medulla
cone-shaped structures responsible for concentrating urine
Renal Pyramids
located in the hilum of the
kidney. It is a flat-funnel-shaped tube that
collects the urine from the calyx and channels
it into the ureter.
Renal Pelvis
cup-shaped cavity in the kidney that
collects urine before it passes into the bladder
Calyx
small funnel-shaped
chamber that surround the renal
pyramids. Urine from the renal papilla
drains into the ____
Minor Calyces
formed when four or
five minor calyces converge.
Major Calyces
fundamental and functional unit of the
kidney. Each kidney contains
approximately one million of this. It is
responsible for filtering blood and
producing urine.
Nephron
initial filtering unit of the
nephron.
Renal Corpuscle
a network of capillaries
where blood is filtered. It is the main
filtering unit of the kidney
Glomerulus
cup-shaped
structure that surrounds the glomerulus
and collects the filtered urine
Bowman’s Capsule
extends from the Bowman’s
Capsule and ends when it empties into the
collecting duct.
Renal Tubule
Subdivisions of the Renal Tubule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Nephron Loop, and Distal Convoluted Tubule
a large duct that collects urine
from the multiple nephrons
Collecting Duct
it is about 25 com long muscular tubes that
transport urine from the kidney to the urinary
bladder. They are lined with smooth muscle that
contracts rhythmically, so that the urine can run
along their length. They carry the urine from the
kidney to the bladder, where it will be temporarily
stored.
Ureter
- hollow muscular organ that stores urine until it is
excreted. It is located in the pelvis cavity and has
a capacity of about 500 ml of urine in women and
700 ml in men
Bladder
Bladder is lined with a special type of epithelium called ____. It allows the bladder to stretch and expand as it fills
with urine
Transitional Epithelium
A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the
outside of the body. It is shorter in females about 4 cm long and males
have about 20 cm in length as it transports both
urine and semen during sexual activity
Urethra
Blood flows through the kidneys through the
right and
left renal arteries
originate from
the abdominal aorta and enter the renal hila
to supply the kidneys
renal arteries
Blood coming into the kidney is rich in ____
and ____ and ____
oxygen; nutrients; waste materials
Renal capillaries are located?
in and around the nephrons
Brings blood to the kidneys; Blood is rich in oxygen, nutrients and metabolic wastes
Renal Artery
Blood vessels that drain the kidney. Connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava; Blood has less oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes
Renal Vein
_____ take a simple filtrate of the blood
and modify it into ____
Nephrons; urine
The principle task of the ____ is
to balance the plasma to homeostatic set
points and excrete potential toxins in the urine
Nephron population
Three principle functions
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
waste byproduct formed from excess
water and metabolic waste molecules during the
process of renal system filtration
Urine
Primary function of the renal system is?
to regulate blood volume and plasma osmolarity
blood enters the afferent
arteriole and flows into the glomerulus
Glomerular Filtration
filterable components accumulate in the
glomerulus to form the
Glomerular filtrate
volume of
glomerular filtrate formed per minute by the
kidneys; regulated by multiple
mechanisms and is an important indicator of
kidney function
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
occurs in the Proximal
convoluted tubule (PCT) part of the renal
tubule
Tubular reabsorption
is the most abundant ion and
most of it is reabsorbed by active transport
and then transported to the peritubular
capillaries
Sodium (Na)
In the tubular reabsorption or secretion, ____ and this occurs either by passive or active transport.
Almost all nutrients are reabsorbed
are regulated and can be
influenced by hormones
Reabsorption of water and some key electrolytes
most of the sodium is reabsorbed by active transport
and then transported to the
peritubular capillaries
Water is also independently reabsorbed into
the peritubular capillaries due to the presence
of
aquaporins, or water channels
The ____ increases as it moves
deeper into the medulla
Osmotic gradient
