Cardiovascular system Flashcards
The overall system responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, which includes the heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular system
found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates, circulates blood unidirectionally from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart.
closed circulatory system
found in arthropods, pumps blood into a cavity called a hemocoel where it surrounds the organs and then returns to the heart(s) through ostia (openings).
open circulatory system
The blood found in arthropods, a mix of blood and interstitial fluid, is called ____
hemolymph
The heart has four chambers: ____ and ____.
two atria (upper chambers), two ventricles (lower chambers)
The right and left sides of the heart are separated by the.
atrioventricular (AV) septum
The heart has ____ that prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction
four valves
Located between the right atrium and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Pulmonary valve
Located between the left atrium and left ventricle
Mitral valve
Located between the left ventricle and the aorta
Aortic valve
Also known as the “atrial kick”, this atrial contraction ensures that the ventricles are full before the next contraction
Atrial systole
The ventricle contracts, expelling blood outside of the ventricles
Ventricular systole
The atria and ventricles relax, and the atrioventricular valves are open
Ventricular diastole
Left ventricular pressure rises above atrial pressure, closing the mitral valve and producing the first heart sound.
Isovolumic contraction
The ventricular pressure forces the semilunar valves open, pushing blood into the arteries.
Ventricular ejection
form a closed vascular system that transports blood to the tissues and back to the heart
Blood vessels
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
Vessels that play a role in exchanges between tissues and blood
Capillary beds
Vessels that return blood toward the heart
Veins
have a heavier, stronger, stretchier tunica media than veins to withstand changes in pressure
Arteries
have a thinner tunica media than arteries and operate under low pressure
Veins
Only one cell layer thick (tunica intima)
Allow for exchanges between blood and tissue
Capillaries
is a muscular organ that pumps blood continuously throughout the body. It is comprised of four chambers — the right and left atrium and the right and left ventricle
heart
the heart uses an ____to trigger a heartbeat, it is the power source that makes all the heart’s functions possible
electrical system
lead in and out of the chambers, which receive and distribute blood throughout the body
Blood vessels
The four chambers of the heart are connected by four valves — the ____
tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral and aortic valves
As the heart beats, it pumps blood through a system of blood vessels called the ____
circulatory system
