Biological Macromolecules of the Cell

Question 1

Biological macromolecules of the Cell

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Nucleic acids, Proteins, and Lipids

Question 2

are important molecules for cells
because they are the primary energy source.

Answer 2

Sugars, and glucose

Question 3

General chemical formula for Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Cn(H2O)n

Question 4

the basic unit of carbohydrates, which can
be obtained directly from the diet

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

they allow water molecules to intercalate
between them

Answer 5

Hydrophilic

Question 6

are long chains of carbohydrate molecules,
composed of several smaller monosaccharides

Answer 6

Polysaccharides

Question 7

short-term reservoirs of energy

Answer 7

Polysaccharides

Question 8

long-term reservoirs of energy

Answer 8

Fats

Question 9

Types of Monosaccharides

Answer 9

GFG - Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Question 10

Types of Disaccharides

Answer 10

SLM - Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Question 11

Types of Oligosaccharides

Answer 11

RS - Raffinose, Stachyose

Question 12

Types of Polysaccharides

Answer 12

SGC - Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Question 13

contains
an aldehyde

Answer 13

Aldose

Question 14

contains a
ketone

Answer 14

Ketose

Question 15

is an alcohol, a precursor
for triacylglycerols and of
phospholipids in the liver and
adipose tissue. Can be metabolized
to glucose.

Answer 15

Glycerol

Question 16

Low levels of ____ are normally
present in the blood or urine from the
breakdown of fat; instead of glucose

Answer 16

acetone

Question 17

Sucrose = ?

Answer 17

Glucose + Fructose

Question 18

Lactose = ?

Answer 18

Galactose + Glucose

Question 19

Maltose = ?

Answer 19

Glucose + Glucose

Question 20

Two functions of Polysaccharides?

Answer 20

1. strong structural component of a cell
2. storage molecule for readily accessible energy

Question 21

are rearrangements of the same atoms, such as with glucose and fructose

Answer 21

isomers

Question 22

mirror-images of one another

Answer 22

stereoisomers

Question 23

the building blocks of RNA
and DNA

Answer 23

Nucleotides

Question 24

attached nitrogenous base
can be a ____, or a ____

Answer 24

purine - pyrimidine

Question 25

are held together by
phosphodiester bonds

Answer 25

Nucleotides

Question 26

DNA - ____, RNA - ____

Answer 26

Thymine, uracil

Question 27

This specific base-pairing, known
as ____, is the basis for
life.

Answer 27

Chargaff’s rules

Question 28

most important of the nucleoside
phosphates is ____

Answer 28

Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP

Question 29

can release high energy, shown as (~ )
indicating high energy bonds

Answer 29

ATP

Question 30

Energy can be released in 2 ways

Answer 30

1. Substrate-level phosphorylation
   (ADP/GDP)
2. Oxidative phosphorylation
   (reducing O2)