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BIO 101 > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

Second controlling system of the body

A

Endocrine system

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2
Q

are produced by specialized cells

A

Hormones

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3
Q

is the scientific study of
hormones and endocrine organs

A

Endocrinology

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4
Q

An organ that makes hormones that are released directly into the blood and travel to tissues and organs all over the body.

A

Endocrine glands

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5
Q

a region of the forebrain below the thalamus which coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity

A

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

is a small, pea-sized gland. It is found at the base of your brain, in line with the top of your nose

A

Pituitary gland

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7
Q

is a tiny endocrine gland in the middle of your brain that helps regulate your body’s circadian rhythm by secreting the hormone melatonin.

A

Pineal gland

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8
Q

is an endocrine gland in vertebrates. In humans, it is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck below the Adam’s apple.

A

Thyroid gland

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9
Q

are four pea-sized endocrine glands that are embedded within the back side of your thyroid.

A

Parathyroid glands

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10
Q

also known as suprarenal glands, are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys.

A

Adrenal glands

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11
Q

is an organ located in the abdomen. It plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body’s cells.

A

Pancreas

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12
Q

are a pair of organs in the female reproductive system that produce eggs and female hormones

A

Ovaries

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13
Q

are two oval-shaped male reproductive glands that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone.

A

testes

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14
Q

is in the chest between the lungs. It makes white blood cells (T lymphocytes) which are part of the immune system and help fight infection.

A

Thymus gland

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15
Q

are chemical messengers that regulate activities in tissues and organs

A

Hormones

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16
Q

After hormones are released from the cell where they are made, they bind and act only on _____.

A

target cells

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17
Q

is a receptor (lock) located on either the surface of the target cell (cell membrane) or inside the cell (cytoplasm or nucleus)

A

address

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18
Q

is important for the normal functioning of various physiological and behavioral activities.

A

Hormone regulation

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19
Q

The body produces more than ___ kinds of hormones

A

40

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20
Q

The production of the hormones is maintained through ____

A

feedback mechanism

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21
Q

increases the deviation of the hormone level from the normal as needed by the body in a certain situation.

A

Positive feedback mechanism

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21
Q

decreases the deviation of the hormone level from the normal value.

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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22
Q

Hormones produced in the pituitary gland

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Prolactin, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Endorphin, Growth hormone, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FH), Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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23
Q

Hormones produced by thyroid

A

Thyroxine, calctitonin

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24
Q

Hormones produced by Parathyroid

A

Parathyroid hormone

25
Q

Hormones produced by Adrenal glands

A

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

26
Q

Hormones produced by Pancreas

A

Insulin, Glucagon

27
Q

Hormones produced by Ovaries

A

Estrogen, Progesterone

28
Q

Hormones produced by Testes

A

Testosterone

29
Q

Hormones produced by Thymus

A

Thymosin

30
Q

Hormones produced by Pineal

A

Melatonin

31
Q

Hormones produced by Gastrointestinal tract

A

Gastrin

32
Q

Major action of Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

Stimulates the production and secretion of thyroxine

33
Q

Major action of Prolactin

A

Stimulates milk production

34
Q

Major action of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the secretion of corticosteroid

35
Q

Major action of Endorphin

A

Decreases the pain

36
Q

Major action of Growth Hormone

A

Stimulates general body growth

37
Q

Major action of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Stimulates the ovulation and production of estrogen and progesterone

38
Q

Major action of Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) in the Ovaries

A

Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicle

39
Q

Major action of Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) in the Testes

A

Stimulates sperm production

40
Q

Major action of oxytocin on the mammary gland

A

Stimulates milk secretion

41
Q

Major action of oxytocin on the uterus

A

Stimulates uterine contraction

42
Q

Major action of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Increases water absorption

43
Q

Major action of Thyroxine

A

Increases metabolic rate and growth

44
Q

Major action of Calcitonin

A

Stimulates calcium uptake

45
Q

Major action of Parathyroid hormone on bones

A

Stimulates calcium release into blood

46
Q

Major action of Parathyroid hormone on Digestive tracts

A

Stimulates calcium uptake into the blood

47
Q

Major action of Epinephrine(adrenaline) on Circulatory system

A

Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar

48
Q

Major action of Epinephrine(adrenaline) on Respiratory system

A

Increasing breathing rate and clears airways

49
Q

Major action of Insulin

A

Stimulates glucose uptake from the blood

50
Q

Major action of Glucagon

A

Stimulates glucose release from cells into the blood

51
Q

Major action of Estrogen

A

Stimulates the female development and behavior

52
Q

Major action of Progesterone

A

Stimulates uterine lining

53
Q

Major action of Testosterone

A

Stimulates male development and behavior

54
Q

Major action of Thymosin

A

Stimulates differentiation

55
Q

Major action of Melatonin

A

Regulates biological rhythms

56
Q

Major action of Gastrin

A

Stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion

57
Q

Is a biological process of physical, hormonal, and emotional changes that marks the transition from childhood to adulthood.

A

Puberty

58
Q

Key glands involved in Puberty

A

Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Gonads, and Adrenal Glands

59
Q

a change in the internal or external environment triggers a homeostatic response.

A

Stimulus

60
Q

specialized receptors detect change and transmit the information to the control center

A

Sensor

61
Q

The control center often the brain of endocrine glands, processes the information and initiates a corrective action.

A

Response

BIO 101 (5 decks)

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