Urinary System

Question 1

Hyperkalemia

Answer 1

When blood potassium are high

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

Question 2

GFR - intrinsic mechanism

Answer 2

Auto regulation

Question 3

GFR - extrinsic mechanism

Answer 3

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 4

GFR - Myogenic mechanism

Answer 4

BP increases - afferent arterioles constrict preventing increased renal blood flow and vice versa

Question 5

Aldosterone released by

Answer 5

Adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland

Question 6

ADH released by

Answer 6

Pituitary glands

Triggered by dehydration, high salt intake, increased osmotic pressure detected by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus

When BP and blood volume decrease is detected by baroceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch

Question 7

Hypovolemia

Answer 7

Decrease in blood volume of blood plasma

Question 8

Where’s glomerular filtrate found

Answer 8

In the bowman’s capsule Contain nutrients like amino acids and glucose

Question 9

Glomerular filtrate

Answer 9

Is an unprocessed fluid filtered from blood

Question 10

Proximal convoluted reabsorption

Answer 10

• facilitate reabsorption from filtrate back to blood
• substances are transported to interstial fluid and reabsorbed into peritubular capillaries: Sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, chloride

Glucose is completely reabsorbed

Question 11

Tubular secretion - fine tunning

Answer 11

Movement of substances from the peritubular capillaries to the tubule

Active or passive

Maintain blood Ph

H+, potassium and creatine move from filtrate to be excreted

Question 12

Kidneys produce active form of vitamin D

Question 13

What tubular secretion helps to regulate?

Answer 13

Blood Ph by secreting H+ into the filtrate, reducing acidic in the blood

Question 14

Renal vein is

Answer 14

The most anterior

Question 15

Renal artery is

Answer 15

The middle one

Question 16

Renal pelvis/ureter is

Answer 16

The most posterior

Question 17

What’s the Hilum

Answer 17

Is the central, concave opening on the medial side of the kidney. It serves as the entry and exit point for blood vessels, nerves, lymph’s and the ureter

Question 18

PMC - pontine Micturion Center

Answer 18

Located in the pons

Coordinate the contraction of the bladder

Question 19

Local reflex

Answer 19

Located in the sacral spinal cord (s2 - s4) segments

Controls the reflex arch for bladder contraction and spincher relaxation