Exam

Question 1

The foreman ovale is an opening between

Answer 1

Left and right atrium

Question 2

Which groove encircles the heart, separating the atria from the ventricles?

Answer 2

Coronary Sulcus

Question 3

The action of atrial natriuretic hormone leads to a(n) Blank______ in blood pressure and a(n) Blank______ in the rate of urine production.

Answer 3

decrease in blood pressure because it decrease peripheral resistance, and increase rate of urine because its a hormone that acts on the kidneys also increasing Na+ causing blood volume to decrease.

Question 4

Sensory receptors that monitor blood pressure are called Blank______.

Answer 4

baroreceptor reflex are very important in regulating blood pressure on a minute to minute basis.

Question 5

What is the fluid shift mechanism?

Answer 5

A mechanism in which fluid shifts from the capillaries to the interstitial spaces in response to increased blood pressure

Question 6

Arteriosclerosis results in arteries becoming Blank______ elastic.

Answer 6

less

Question 7

Reduced blood flow results in a(n) Blank______ pH within the medulla oblongata.

Answer 7

decreased

Question 8

The frequency of action potentials arising from baroreceptors is Blank______ as the blood vessel walls are stretched.

Answer 8

increased. baroreceptors are sensitive to stretch

Question 9

When oxygen availability decreases to chemoreceptors, the frequency of action potentials Blank______ to the vasomotor center.

Answer 9

increase. when the O2 decreases the frequency action potentials increase and stimulates the vasomotor center , resulting in a increase of vasomotor tone.

Question 10

At the site of an aneurysm, the blood vessel diameter Blank______.

Answer 10

increase because sim.

Question 11

Choose the two variables that will increase blood flow.

Answer 11

decrease pressure difference - increase resistance

Question 12

An increased venous return to the heart is a stimulus for the release of Blank______.

Answer 12

AHN - Atrial natriuretic hormone - peptide released from the atria when atrial blood pressure is increased. lowers blood pressure by increasing the rate of urine production, thus reducing blood volume.

Question 13

The frequency of action potentials arising from baroreceptors is Blank______ as the blood vessel walls are stretched.

Answer 13

increased

Question 14

The right bronchus is more susceptible to foreign body obstruction because:

Answer 14

its wider , shorter and more vertical

Question 15

What is the name of the notch found on the left lung to accommodate the heart?

Answer 15

cardiac notch

Question 16

What is the name of the outer membrane that lines the thoracic cavity?

Answer 16

parietal pleura

Question 18

Atrial natriuretic hormone influences blood pressure by ______. Select all that apply.

Answer 18

Increasing urine output - increasing vasodilation

Question 19

Any slight change in arterial oxygen levels leads to vasomotor changes via the chemoreceptor reflexes.

Answer 19

False - The chemoreceptor effect on vasomotor tone only occurs with a significant drop in oxygen tension. Slight changes in O2 have little effect.

Question 20

In response to a decrease in blood pressure, the vasomotor center ______ sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels.

Answer 20

Increases

Question 21

The chemoreceptor reflex response to increased CO2 and increased H+ levels in blood is to cause a(n) ______ in vasomotor tone.

Answer 21

Increase

Question 22

In addition to its effect on collecting ducts of the kidneys, antidiuretic hormone acts as a

Answer 22

Vasoconstrictor - why? in high concentrations, ADH also acts as a vasoconstrictor, which means it causes blood vessels to constrict, thereby increasing blood pressure.

Question 23

As action potentials from the baroreceptors to the vasomotor center increase in frequency, the output of the vasomotor center to peripheral blood vessels

Answer 23

Decreases

Question 24

Choose the two variables that will increase blood flow.

Answer 24

Decreased resistance (R)
Increased pressure difference (P1-P2)

Question 25

An increased venous return to the heart is a stimulus for the release of

Answer 25

ncreased venous return to the heart is a stimulus for the release of atrial natriuretic hormone ANH When the atria of the heart are stretched due to increased blood volume (from increased venous return), specialized cells in the atria release ANJ. This hormone helps to regulate blood pressure and fluid balance by promoting sodium and water excretion by the kidneys, thus reducing blood volume and pressure.

Question 26

the mechanisms that play a role in long-term maintenance of blood pressure.

Answer 26

Stress-relaxation response - fluid shift mechanism

Question 27

The frequency of action potentials arising from baroreceptors is ______ as the blood vessel walls are stretched.

Answer 27

Increased

Question 28

Antidiuretic hormone increases blood pressure

Answer 28

Causing vasoconstriction- decreasing urine output

Question 29

Blood ______ is a measure of the force leading to blood ______.

Answer 29

Pressure - flow

Question 30

Indicate the three factors that affect resistance in the cardiovascular system.

Answer 30

Blood vessel length and diameter - blood viscosity

Question 31

The three major arteries of the upper limb that are continuous with one another include the __________.

Answer 31

subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries

Question 32

A drop in blood pressure results in a(n) ______ in the frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors.

Answer 32

decrease