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Rad Patho > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

The urinary system is consists of :

A
  • two kidneys
  • two ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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2
Q
  • site where urine is formed and excreted
    through the remarkable processes of
    filtration and reabsorption
A

KIDNEY

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3
Q

involving up to 180 liters (L) of blood per
day.

A

Kidney

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4
Q

located between the twelfth thoracic
vertebra and the third lumbar vertebra.

A

Kidney

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5
Q
  • drain the urine from the kidneys to the
    bladder.
A

Ureter

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6
Q
  • serves as a reservoir for urine before urine is expelled from the body
  • located posterior to the symphysis pubis.
A

BLADDER

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7
Q
  • tube leading from the urinary bladder to
    the exterior of the body.
A

Urethra

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8
Q

Female Urethra is ____inches in length

A

1 to 1 1/2

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9
Q

Male Urethra ____ in length

A

8 inches

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10
Q
  • urethra passes through the prostate gland
  • Serves as a part of the reproductive system by receiving seminal fluid via the ejaculatory ducts, which open into the urethra from the prostate.
A

MALE URETHRA

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11
Q
  • useful in demonstrating the size and location of the kidneys
A

KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) Radiography

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12
Q
  • procedure used to assess the urinary system
A

INTRAVENOUS UROGRAPHY

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13
Q
  • A common radiographic examination for studying the lower urinary tract.
A

Cystography

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14
Q
  • performed by a urologist during cystoscopy to allow injection of contrast medium directly into the urinary tract to outline the renal collecting system
A

RETROGRADE PYELOGRAPHY

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15
Q
  • noninvasive method of imaging both functioningandnonfunctioningkidneys
A

SONOGRAPHY

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16
Q
  • Excellent modality for imaging the kidneys because it can detect small differences in tissue densities within the body.
A

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

17
Q
  • One of the most invasive imaging procedures performed on the urinary system.
A

RENAL ANGIOGRAPHY

18
Q
  • Capable of differentiating between fluid accumulation from hemorrhage and infection.
A

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

19
Q
  • Relatively rare anomaly occurring in approximately 1 in 1000 live births and is more common in males than females.
  • Unilateral (one kidney) and bilateral (both
    kidneys) renal agenesis.
A

RENAL AGENESIS OR APLASIA

20
Q

known as compensatory hypertrophy

A

RENAL AGENESIS OR APLASIA

21
Q

Is a rare condition in which an individual has a third, small, rudimentary kidney. This extra kidney typically functions independently, draining into a separate renal pelvis and ureter. While it may remain asymptomatic.

A

SUPERNUMERARY KIDNEY

22
Q

-Blood in the urine, which may be visible or detectable under a microscope.
-Abdominal or Pelvic Pain: Discomfort in the lower abdomen, particularly if the extra kidney develops complications such as obstruction or infection

A

HEMATURIA

23
Q
  • is a rare anomaly involving a kidney developed less than normally but contains normal nephrons
  • This condition is often associated with compensatory hyperplasia of the other kidney, where the unaffected kidney enlarges to take over the workload
A

HYPOPLASIA

24
Q
  • Involves overdevelopment of a kidney, often associated with renal agenesis or hypoplasia of the other kidney.
A

HYPERPLASIA

25
Q
  • the most common fusion anomaly
  • In this condition, the lower poles of the
    kidneys are joined across the midline by a band of soft tissue, causing a rotation anomaly on one side or both sides.
A

HORSHOE KIDNEY

26
Q
  • second most common fusion anomaly
  • one kidney lies across the midline and is fused with the other kidney
A

CROSSED ECTOPY

27
Q
  • Consists of incomplete or excessive rotation of the kidneys as they ascend from the pelvis in utero.
A

MALROTATION

28
Q
  • One that is out of its normal position, a condition found in approximately 1 in 800 urologic examinations.
  • Lower than normal, often in a pelvic location or a sacral location.
A

ECTOPIC KIDNEY

29
Q
  • In some lean and athletic persons, the kidney is mobile and may drop toward the pelvis when the person is in the erect position.
  • distinguished from a pelvic kidney by the length of the ureter; if the ureter is short, it is a congenital pelvic kidney
A

NEPHROPTOSIS

30
Q

A ____ is the name given to a branching kidney stone, and may form if you have repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs).

A

STAGHORN CALCULUS

31
Q

is an obstructive disorder of the urinary system that causes dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine.

A

HYDRONEPHROSIS

32
Q

-Incompatible with life outside the womb
Stillbirth or death shortly after birth due to:
- Severe pulmonary hypoplasia
- Inability to produce urine and regulate fluid balance

A

Bilateral Renal Agenesis:

33
Q

This happens when urine does not fully empty from the body

A

Hydronephrosis

34
Q

___ is the most commonly used modality to diagnosed malrotation

A

Ct scan

Rad Patho (7 decks)

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