Urinary System

Question 1

What is normal blood PH?

Answer 1

7.35-7.4

Question 2

What do kidneys secrete

Answer 2

Erythropoesen

Question 3

What are the functions of the kidneys? (EFBRBA)

Answer 3

1. Excretion of nitrogenous waste 2. Fluid/electrolyte balance 3. Blood pH regulation 3. RBC production 4. Blood pressure regulation 5 Activation of Vitamin D

Question 4

What are the organs of the urinary system? (KUUU)

Answer 4

1. Kidneys 2. Ureter 3. Urinary bladder 4. Urethra

Question 5

What does retroperitoneal mean?

Answer 5

Behind the peritoneum.

Question 6

Where are kidneys located?

Answer 6

Retroperitoneal organ located between T12-L3.

Question 7

What are the three parts of the kidney? (CSP)

Answer 7

1. Renal capsule 2. Renal Sinus 3. Renal parenchyma

Question 8

What are the functions for the renal capsule? (PS)

Answer 8

1. Protection 2. Shape

Question 9

What is the renal capsule?

Answer 9

Fibrous outer membrane

Question 10

What is the renal sinus?

Answer 10

Hollow chamber within each kidney

Question 11

What is the function of the renal sinus?

Answer 11

Houses renal pelvis

Question 12

What are the two parts of the renal pelvis

Answer 12

Major and minor calyces

Question 13

Where does the ureter come out of?

Answer 13

Hilum

Question 14

What is the hilum?

Answer 14

an indentation in the surface of a kidney, spleen, or other organ, where blood vessels, ducts, nerve fibers, etc., enter or leave it.

Question 15

What makes up the renal parenchyma?

Answer 15

Renal cortes and Renal Medulla

Question 16

Where are renal columns?

Answer 16

In renal cortex

Question 17

Where are renal pyramids?

Answer 17

Renal medulla

Question 18

What is the renal papillae?

Answer 18

The tip of a renal pyramid

Question 19

What are renal columns?

Answer 19

Renal columns are bands of granular tissue separating adjacent renal pyramids. The renal columns contain vessels and urinary tubes that run to the cortex.

Question 20

What are renal pyramids?

Answer 20

Renal pyramids are cone-like formations consisting of multiple ducts which filter and purify the blood. They also manufacture and transport urine and waste products.

Question 21

What are renal papillae?

Answer 21

Renal papilla Renal papilla are openings in the renal calyces through which the urine arrives from the collecting tubules.

Question 22

What is the renal cortex?

Answer 22

The cortex is the outer layer of the kidney composed of dense tissue. It lies just below the renal capsule. It contains small points known as Malpighi’s corpuscles (structures that constitute the fundamental part of the nephrons, where the blood is filtered).

Question 23

What is a nephron?

Answer 23

Structural and functional unit of the kidney

Question 24

How many nephrons are in a kidney?

Answer 24

About 1 million

Question 25

What are the two main parts of a nephron?

Answer 25

1. renal corpuscle 2. Renal tubule

Question 26

Where is the site of filtration?

Answer 26

Nephrons

Question 27

What are the two main parts of the renal corpuscle? (GB)

Answer 27

1. Glomerulus 2. Bowman's capsule

Question 28

Bowman's capsule is made up of what tissue?

Answer 28

2 layers of squamous epithelial cells, visceral and parietal

Question 29

What are the three parts of the renal tubule? (PLD)

Answer 29

1. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) 2. Loop of Henle 3. Distal convoluted tubule

Question 30

What's another name for the loop of Henle?

Answer 30

Nephron loop

Question 31

What are the two parts of the Loop of Henle (DA)

Answer 31

1. Descending limb 2. Ascending limb

Question 32

Descending convoluted tubule merges to form what?

Answer 32

Collecting ducts

Question 33

Collecting ducts merge to form what?

Answer 33

Renal papilla hole

Question 34

Renal papilla hole turns into what?

Answer 34

Minor calyx

Question 35

What is the first step in urine formation?

Answer 35

Filtration

Question 36

what two parts of urine formation can happen simultaneously?

Answer 36

Reabsorption and secretion

Question 37

What type of transport happens when substances from blood in glomerulus pass into bowman's capsule?

Answer 37

Passive transport

Question 38

What is filtrate?

Answer 38

Everything in blood except: platelets, WBC/RBC, and plasma proteins.

Question 39

Describe reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer 39

Movement of substances from filtrate in renal tubule to blood of peritubular capillary.

Question 40

Where does most reabsorption occur?

Answer 40

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 41

What type of transport is involved in reabsorption?

Answer 41

Passive and active

Question 42

What lines the proximal convoluted tubule and why?

Answer 42

Microvilli to create a greater surface area

Question 43

Describe secretion in the kidneys

Answer 43

Movement of substances from blood of peritubular capillary to filtrate of renal tubule.

Question 44

What types of transport does secretion involve?

Answer 44

Passive and active

Question 45

Describe the process of urine elimination

Answer 45

Nephrons empty into collecting ducts which empty into openings in renal papillae to the major/minor calyces which empty into ureter then urinary bladder and finally urethra

Question 46

How many liters of urine is excreted every 24 hours?

Answer 46

1.5 L

Question 47

What is in nitrogenous metabolic waste? (U, C, UA)

Answer 47

1. Urea 2. Creatinine 3. Uric Acid

Question 48

What is in urine? (W NMW E T P H AA)

Answer 48

1. Water, 2, nitrogenous metabolic waste 3. electrolytes 4. toxins 5. pigments 6 hormones 7. amino acids

Question 49

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

Answer 49

On the posterior side

Question 50

What is the function of the ureters?

Answer 50

Transport urine from kidney to bladder

Question 51

What is the urinary bladder?

Answer 51

4 layered distensible organ

Question 52

What are the 4 layers of the urinary bladder? ( M S M S)

Answer 52

1. Mucous coat 2. Submucous 3. Muscular coat 4. Serous coat

Question 53

Which layer of the urinary bladder is made with smooth muscle?

Answer 53

Detrusor muscle

Question 54

What is the trigone?

Answer 54

a triangular region or tissue, particularly the area at the base of the urinary bladder, between the openings of the ureters and urethra.

Question 55

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Answer 55

Reservoir for urine and expels urine

Question 56

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 56

Passage way for urine from bladder to outside the body.

Question 57

Where does the urethra open?

Answer 57

External urethral orifice

Question 58

How long is the female urethra?

Answer 58

1-1.5 inches

Question 59

How long is the male urethra?

Answer 59

8 inches

Question 60

What is another name for urination?

Answer 60

micturition

Question 61

What sphincter muscles are involved in urination?

Answer 61

1. Internal urethral sphincter 2. External urethral sphincter

Question 62

Where is the internal urethral sphincter located?

Answer 62

Junction of bladder and urethra

Question 63

Which urethral sphincter is involuntary?

Answer 63

Internal

Question 64

Which urethral sphincter is voluntary?

Answer 64

External

Question 65

Which urethral sphincter is made of smooth muscle?

Answer 65

Internal

Question 66

Which urethral sphincter is skeletal muscle?

Answer 66

External

Question 67

Where is the external urethral sphincter located?

Answer 67

2 cm distal to bladder within urethra

Question 68

What are the three parts to the male urethra?

Answer 68

1. Proximal (prostatic) 2. Membranous (middle) 3. Penile (distal)

Question 69

Where is the micturition reflex located?

Answer 69

Sacral spinal cord segments

Question 70

What part of the brain is used for voluntary decision to urinate?

Answer 70

Cerebral cortex

Question 71

What is cystitis?

Answer 71

Inflammation of the bladder

Question 72

Who is more likely to get cystitis and why?

Answer 72

Females: Shorter urethra and closer to anus

Question 73

How does cystitis usually occur?

Answer 73

Bacteria on external urethra migrates into bladder