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Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of blood?

A
  1. Major transportation of fluids 2. Hemostasis 3. Body Defense
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2
Q

What 6 things does the blood transport?

A
  1. Nutrients 2. Gases 3. Wastes 4. Hormones 5. Heat 6. Plasma proteins
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3
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

The stopping of the flow of blood.

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4
Q

What are the three solid components of blood?

A
  1. RBCs 2. WBCs 3. Platelets
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5
Q

What is another name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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6
Q

What is another name for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

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7
Q

What is another name for platelets

A

Thrombocytes

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8
Q

What is the liquid component of blood?

A

Plasma

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9
Q

What is the average blood volume for an adult?

A

5-6 Liters approximately 70mL/kg. Does vary with age, weight, and sex.

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10
Q

Plasma is what percentage water?

A

90%

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11
Q

What does anucleate mean?

A

Lacks a nucleus.

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12
Q

What is the advantage of having biconcave disks?

A

More surface area, more flexible.

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13
Q

What is the main function of Erythrocytes (RBCs)?

A

Transport oxygen on hemoglobin molecules.

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14
Q

What does erythropoiesis mean?

A

Formation of red blood cells

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15
Q

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

A

In red bone marrow.

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16
Q

What hormone signals erythropoiesis?

A

Erythropoietin

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17
Q

Where is erythropoietin primarily made?

A

Kidneys

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18
Q

What is the life expectancy of RBCs?

A

120 days

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19
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

Immature RBC, the last stage before maturity

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20
Q

What is the average RBC count?

A

4-6 Million rbcs/mm^3

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21
Q

What is hematocirt?

A

The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.

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22
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood

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23
Q

What is the average hematocrit percentage?

A

38-50%

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24
Q

What is anemia?

A

A decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of blood.

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25
What is polycythemia
Abnormal increase in RBCS.
26
What is the function of leukocytes?
Body defense
27
What are the three types of granulocytes?
BEN 1. Basophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Neutrophils
28
What are the two types of Agranulocytes?
1. Monocytes 2. Lymphocytes
29
What is difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?
Granulocytes have visible granule on blood smear and agranulocytes do not.
30
What is diapedesis?
The passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.
31
What is the average WBC?
5k-10k per mL
32
What is the differential WBC count?
Percent breakdown of wbc.
33
What is leukocytosis?
Abnormally high WBC.
34
What is leukopenia?
Abnormally low WBC.
35
What is the predominant granulocyte on DIFF?
Neutrophil
36
What is the function of neutrophils?
Phagocytosis (cell breakdown)
37
Which granulocyte has a segmented nucleus?
Neutrophil
38
What are two other names for neutrophil?
Segs and polymorphonuclear
39
What is a band cell?
Immature neutrophil
40
What does neutrophilia mean?
High neutrophil count.
41
What does neutropenia mean?
Low neutrophil count.
42
What does penia mean?
low
43
Eosinophil makes up what percentage of DIFF?
1-3%
44
What color are neutrophil granules?
Pale
45
What color are eosinophil granules?
red/orange
46
What is the function of eosinophil?
Mediate allergic and parasite reactions.
47
What is the least abundant WBC on DIFF? (Less than 1%)
Basophil
48
What color are basophil granules?
Dark purple
49
What are the two functions of basophil?
1. Releases histamine and heparin. 2. Promotes inflammatory response and increases blood flow to damaged tissue.
50
What is the second most abundant leukocyte on DIFF?
Lymphocyte
51
Which leukocyte has a large round nucleus?
Lymphocyte
52
What is the function of a lymphocyte?
Immunity
53
What leukocyte is responsible for T-cells and B-cells?
Lymphocytes
54
Where are T-cells produced?
Thymus
55
Where are B-cells produced?
Red bone marrow
56
What is the middle step in conversion from B-cells to antibodies?
Conversion to plasma cells
57
What is the largest WBC?
Monocyte
58
What are the two functions of monocytes?
1. Phagocytosis 2. Becomes macrophage in tissues
59
What is a macrophage?
A large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, esp. at sites of infection.
60
What are platelets?
Cytoplasmic fragments of primitive bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes.
61
Average number of platelets per mm^3
250 thousand
62
What is the function of platelets?
Blood clotting
63
What's another name for platelets?
Thrombocytes
64
What is thrombus?
Abnormal blood clot inside a vessel.
65
Where is more common to see a thrombus in a being or artery?
Vein because blood flow is more sluggish.
66
What does DVT stand for?
Deep Vein Thrombosis
67
What is an embolus?
A moving blood clot
68
What is an antigen?
A Foreign invader
69
What does blood type refer to?
Which antigens are found on RBC membrane.
70
What will spontaneously develop to antigens not present?
Antibodies
71
What is a major transfusion risk?
Donor's RBCs are clumped by the recipients antibodies.
72
What blood type is the universal donor?
Type O
73
What blood type is the universal recipient?
Type AB
74
What is blood type AB the universal recipient?
Because it doesn't have antibodies
75
RH factor is important during what?
Pregnancy
76
What is possible if mother is RH- and baby is RH+
Erythroblastosis fetalis
77
What prevents Erythroblastosis fetalis?
Rhogam

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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