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Anatomy and Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main functions of blood?

A
  1. Major transportation of fluids 2. Hemostasis 3. Body Defense
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2
Q

What 6 things does the blood transport?

A
  1. Nutrients 2. Gases 3. Wastes 4. Hormones 5. Heat 6. Plasma proteins
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3
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

The stopping of the flow of blood.

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4
Q

What are the three solid components of blood?

A
  1. RBCs 2. WBCs 3. Platelets
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5
Q

What is another name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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6
Q

What is another name for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

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7
Q

What is another name for platelets

A

Thrombocytes

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8
Q

What is the liquid component of blood?

A

Plasma

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9
Q

What is the average blood volume for an adult?

A

5-6 Liters approximately 70mL/kg. Does vary with age, weight, and sex.

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10
Q

Plasma is what percentage water?

A

90%

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11
Q

What does anucleate mean?

A

Lacks a nucleus.

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12
Q

What is the advantage of having biconcave disks?

A

More surface area, more flexible.

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13
Q

What is the main function of Erythrocytes (RBCs)?

A

Transport oxygen on hemoglobin molecules.

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14
Q

What does erythropoiesis mean?

A

Formation of red blood cells

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15
Q

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

A

In red bone marrow.

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16
Q

What hormone signals erythropoiesis?

A

Erythropoietin

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17
Q

Where is erythropoietin primarily made?

A

Kidneys

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18
Q

What is the life expectancy of RBCs?

A

120 days

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19
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

Immature RBC, the last stage before maturity

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20
Q

What is the average RBC count?

A

4-6 Million rbcs/mm^3

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21
Q

What is hematocirt?

A

The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.

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22
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood

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23
Q

What is the average hematocrit percentage?

A

38-50%

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24
Q

What is anemia?

A

A decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of blood.

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25
Q

What is polycythemia

A

Abnormal increase in RBCS.

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26
Q

What is the function of leukocytes?

A

Body defense

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27
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A

BEN 1. Basophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Neutrophils

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28
Q

What are the two types of Agranulocytes?

A
  1. Monocytes 2. Lymphocytes
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29
Q

What is difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?

A

Granulocytes have visible granule on blood smear and agranulocytes do not.

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30
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

The passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.

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31
Q

What is the average WBC?

A

5k-10k per mL

32
Q

What is the differential WBC count?

A

Percent breakdown of wbc.

33
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

Abnormally high WBC.

34
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

Abnormally low WBC.

35
Q

What is the predominant granulocyte on DIFF?

A

Neutrophil

36
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Phagocytosis (cell breakdown)

37
Q

Which granulocyte has a segmented nucleus?

A

Neutrophil

38
Q

What are two other names for neutrophil?

A

Segs and polymorphonuclear

39
Q

What is a band cell?

A

Immature neutrophil

40
Q

What does neutrophilia mean?

A

High neutrophil count.

41
Q

What does neutropenia mean?

A

Low neutrophil count.

42
Q

What does penia mean?

A

low

43
Q

Eosinophil makes up what percentage of DIFF?

A

1-3%

44
Q

What color are neutrophil granules?

A

Pale

45
Q

What color are eosinophil granules?

A

red/orange

46
Q

What is the function of eosinophil?

A

Mediate allergic and parasite reactions.

47
Q

What is the least abundant WBC on DIFF? (Less than 1%)

A

Basophil

48
Q

What color are basophil granules?

A

Dark purple

49
Q

What are the two functions of basophil?

A
  1. Releases histamine and heparin. 2. Promotes inflammatory response and increases blood flow to damaged tissue.
50
Q

What is the second most abundant leukocyte on DIFF?

A

Lymphocyte

51
Q

Which leukocyte has a large round nucleus?

A

Lymphocyte

52
Q

What is the function of a lymphocyte?

A

Immunity

53
Q

What leukocyte is responsible for T-cells and B-cells?

A

Lymphocytes

54
Q

Where are T-cells produced?

A

Thymus

55
Q

Where are B-cells produced?

A

Red bone marrow

56
Q

What is the middle step in conversion from B-cells to antibodies?

A

Conversion to plasma cells

57
Q

What is the largest WBC?

A

Monocyte

58
Q

What are the two functions of monocytes?

A
  1. Phagocytosis 2. Becomes macrophage in tissues
59
Q

What is a macrophage?

A

A large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, esp. at sites of infection.

60
Q

What are platelets?

A

Cytoplasmic fragments of primitive bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes.

61
Q

Average number of platelets per mm^3

A

250 thousand

62
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Blood clotting

63
Q

What’s another name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

64
Q

What is thrombus?

A

Abnormal blood clot inside a vessel.

65
Q

Where is more common to see a thrombus in a being or artery?

A

Vein because blood flow is more sluggish.

66
Q

What does DVT stand for?

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

67
Q

What is an embolus?

A

A moving blood clot

68
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A Foreign invader

69
Q

What does blood type refer to?

A

Which antigens are found on RBC membrane.

70
Q

What will spontaneously develop to antigens not present?

A

Antibodies

71
Q

What is a major transfusion risk?

A

Donor’s RBCs are clumped by the recipients antibodies.

72
Q

What blood type is the universal donor?

A

Type O

73
Q

What blood type is the universal recipient?

A

Type AB

74
Q

What is blood type AB the universal recipient?

A

Because it doesn’t have antibodies

75
Q

RH factor is important during what?

A

Pregnancy

76
Q

What is possible if mother is RH- and baby is RH+

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

77
Q

What prevents Erythroblastosis fetalis?

A

Rhogam

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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