Urinary System

Question 1

Components of the urinary system

Answer 1

Kidneys, ureters, urethra and urinary bladder.

Question 2

Functions of the urinary system

Answer 2

Eliminate wates, regualtes blood volume, pressure, pH and composition.

Question 3

Wastes eliminated by the urinary system

Answer 3

Ammonia, urea, creatinine, uric acid, drugs, toxins

Question 4

Nephron

Answer 4

Functional unit of the kidney. Consists of the glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule and renal tubule.

Question 5

Hilum

Answer 5

Medial, concave region of the kidney. Functions as the entry point to the kidney.

Question 6

Renal pelvis

Answer 6

Joins the kidney to the ureter.

Question 7

Fluid flow through the nephron

Answer 7

Bowman’s capsule, renal tubule, collecting duct, renal papilla, minor and major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter.

Question 8

Processes involved in blood filtration

Answer 8

Filtration, reabsorption and tubular secretion.

Question 9

Filtration

Answer 9

Blood plasma enters the renal corpuscule and is filtered.

Question 10

Reabsorption

Answer 10

Water, nutrients and ions are reabsorbed from the renal tubule into the bloodstream.

Question 11

Tubular secretion

Answer 11

Unwanted elements are discharged from the tubule as filtrate.

Question 12

Volume of the urinary bladder

Answer 12

700-800mL, but feels full around 300mL

Question 13

Urine

Answer 13

Consists of 95% water and is slightly acidic.

Question 14

Number of nephrons in the kidney

Answer 14

Around 1 million

Question 15

Components of each nephron

Answer 15

Glomerulus, Bowman capsule and a renal tubule.

Question 16

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 16

Mechanoreceptor which monitors blood pressure and filtrate concentration levels.

Question 17

Macula densa

Answer 17

Chemoreceptors within the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 18

Interior lining of the urinary bladder

Answer 18

Transitional epithelium

Question 19

How does fluid flow down the ureter?

Answer 19

Gravity and peristalsis