Non-Swedish Techniques

Question 1

Functions of diaphragmatic breathing

Answer 1

To increase relaxation and lymph flow and to decrease pain and stress.

Question 2

Manual lymph drainage

Answer 2

Includes basic strokes such as nodal pumpin, stationary circles and local techniques with the thumb web.

Question 3

Golgi tendon organ techniques

Answer 3

Involve stimulating the Golgi tendon organs (muscultendinous junction) to elicit muscle relaxation.

Question 4

Muscle approximation

Answer 4

Bringing the origin and insertion closer together in order to relax muscle spindles. Used on short muscles.

Question 5

Type of GTO most beneficial for short tendons

Answer 5

Plus and minus techniques

Question 6

Cross fiber friction

Answer 6

Used to break down adhesions in muscles, tendons and ligaments.

Question 7

Type of GTO most beneficial for long tendons

Answer 7

C and S bowing

Question 8

Direct fascial techniques

Answer 8

Work directly into the restriction to reduce it.

Question 9

Direct fascial technique types

Answer 9

Skin rolling, cross hands stretch, fascial spreading, C and S bowing.

Question 10

Joint mobilization techniques

Answer 10

Relaxes muscles and creates successive action at the joints. Includes shaking, rocking and traction.

Question 11

Indirect fascial techniques

Answer 11

Light to moderate pressure qpplied at a slow rate, away from the restriction and in the direction of ease.

Question 12

Types of pain origin

Answer 12

Nociceptive or neuropathic.

Question 13

Neuropathic pain

Answer 13

Also called neuropathy. Caused by damage to the nervous system.

Question 14

Nociceptive pain

Answer 14

Produced by nociceptors in response to actual or potential tissue damage.

Question 15

Sources of pain

Answer 15

Specific or non-specific

Question 15

Radiculopathy

Answer 15

Type of neuropathy that originates from the spinal nerve roots of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 15

Neuropathy origin

Answer 15

Central or peripheral

Question 16

Paresthesia

Answer 16

Abnormal sensations

Question 17

Specific pain

Answer 17

Has a specific cause such as tissue damage, deformity or disease.

Question 18

Non-specific pain

Answer 18

Has no inflammatory, structural or disease related cause.

Question 18

Pain threshold

Answer 18

Minimum level of intensity perceived as painful.

Question 19

Pain tolerance

Answer 19

Maximum level of intensity perceived as painful. Any more is unbearable.

Question 20

Sensitization

Answer 20

A condition of a lower pain threshold and increased nervous system responsiveness. Results in pain hypersensitivity.

Question 21

Clinical assessments

Answer 21

Used to make informed decisions regarding treatment

Question 22

ROM assessments

Answer 22

Used to determine the presence or absense of pain limiting movement.

Question 23

ROM limiting barriers

Answer 23

Physiologic, anatomic and restrictive.

Question 24

Physiologic ROM limiting barrier

Answer 24

Limit caused by reaching the elastic limits of the soft tissues surrounding a joint.

Question 25

Anatomic ROM limiting barrier

Answer 25

Limit caused by the shaped of the bones or joint.

Question 26

Restrictive or pathologic ROM barrier

Answer 26

Caused by pathology or structural anomaly ie) contracture, one spur

Question 27

End-feel

Answer 27

The quality of resistance felt by the practitioner at the end of the passive ROM

Question 28

Normal end-feel is determined by what?

Answer 28

The type of joint in question

Question 29

Hard-end feel

Answer 29

Feels rigid or abrupt. Occurs when bone on bone contact limits movement.

Question 30

Example of joint movement which have hard end-feel

Answer 30

Extension of the elbow

Question 31

Soft end-feel

Answer 31

Feels spongey. Occurs when motion is limited by increased resistance from the muscles or skin.

Question 32

Examples of joint movement with soft end-feel

Answer 32

Elbow or knee flexion

Question 33

Firm end-feel

Answer 33

Feels firm yet elastic. Occurs when motion is limited by joint capsules or ligaments.

Question 34

Examples of joints with firm end-feel

Answer 34

FInger joints

Question 35

Empty end-feel

Answer 35

Accurs when no end-feel data can be gathered because pain occurs before the end of the ROM

Question 36

Vertical anterior landmarks in a postural analysis

Answer 36

Nasal septum, manubrium, umbilicus, pubic symphisis

Question 37

Symmetry points in an anterior postural assessment

Answer 37

Acromion, iliac crests, ASIS, greater trochanters, finger tips, patellae, fibular heads, malleoli

Question 38

Vertical posterior landmarks in postural analysis

Answer 38

Occipital protuberance, spinous processes, sacral tubercles, coccyx

Question 39

Symmetry points in a posterior postural assessment

Answer 39

Mastoid, base of occiput, scapula, PSIS, greater trochanters, medial malleoli, calcanei

Question 40

Vertical landmarks in a lateral postural assessment

Answer 40

External auditory meatus, humeral head, greater trochanter, lateral epicondyles and lateral malleoli.

Question 41

What else should be observed in a lateral postural assessment?

Answer 41

Head and shoulder position, spinal abnormalities, pelvic tilt.

Question 42

Genu valgum

Answer 42

Knock knees

Question 43

Genu varum

Answer 43

Bow-legged

Question 44

Gait cycle

Answer 44

All of the actions between when one foot contacts the ground and when that foot contacts the ground again.

Question 45

Stance phase

Answer 45

60% of the gait cycle, includes heel strike, flat foot or loading response, midstance and heel off or terminal stance

Question 46

Swing phase

Answer 46

40% of the gait cycle, includes toe-off or pre-swing, foot adjacent or initial swing, leg vertical or mid-swing and the next heel strike

Question 47

Antalgic gait

Answer 47

Limp to avoid pain on weight bearing structures. Walking hesitancy and short stance phase.

Question 48

Ataxic gait

Answer 48

Unsteady, uncoordinated gate with feet thrown out an irregular foot placement.

Question 49

Ataxic gate is characterized by what?

Answer 49

Cerebellar or sensory disturbances

Question 50

Hemiplegic gate

Answer 50

Decreased walking speed with asymmetric step length and decreased time in the stance phase.

Question 51

Hemiplegic gait is associated with what?

Answer 51

Stroke

Question 52

Propulsive gait

Answer 52

Stooped, rigid posture with the head and neck bent forward. Steps are shorter and faster.

Question 53

Propulsive gait is associated with what?

Answer 53

Parkinson disease

Question 54

Shuffling gait

Answer 54

Feet drag and shuffle with short steps.

Question 55

Shuffling gait is associated with what?

Answer 55

Parkinson disease

Question 56

Scissor gait

Answer 56

Knees and thighs cross in a scissor-like pattern

Question 57

Scissor gait is associated with what?

Answer 57

Cerebral palsy

Question 58

Waddling gait

Answer 58

Exagerated lateral movement of the trunk and hips.

Question 59

Waddling gait is associated with what?

Answer 59

Muscular dystrophy