Reproductive System Flashcards
Oocyte
Female sex cell
Spermatozoa
Male sex cell
Primary reproductive organs
Gonads - testes and ovaries
Secodnary reproductive organs
Ducts and accessory glands
Primary portion of the male reproductive system
Scrotum, testicles, spermatic duct, penis.
Male accessory glands
Prostate, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles.
Cells of the testicles which produce hormones
Interstitial cells of Leydig
Portions ot the spermatic duct
Epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Components of the female reproductive system
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts.
Vulva
External genitalia. Includes the mons pubis, labia majora and minora and the clitoris.
Phase 1 of the female reproductive cycle
Menstruation, days 1-5
Phase 2 of the female reproductive cycle
Follicular, before ovulation, days 5-14.
Phase 3 of the female reproductive cycle
Ovulation, day 14
Phase 4 of the female reproductive cycle
Luteal, after ovulation. Days 15-28
Corpus luteum
Scar left behind from the oocyte rupturing.
Cowper’s glands
Male glands which secrete mucus during intercourse.
Bartholin glands
Female glands which secrete mucus during intercourse.
What arises from the ectoderm?
Nervous system, mucosa, epidermis
What arises from the mesoderm?
Muscles, connective tissue, pericardium, peritoneum, urogenital tract
What arises from the endoderm?
GI tract, respiratory linings, most organs and glands
Sexual reproduction
Process by which male and female sex cells unite.
Cremaster muscles
Muscles of the scrotum
Round ligament
Arises from the anterolateral surface of the uterus.
The round ligament consists of what?
Muscular and connective tissue.
The round ligament corresponds to what in males?
The cremaster muscles.
Broad ligament
Double layered section of the peritoneum.
What does the broad ligament encompass?
It surrounds the ovaries and connects to the walls and floor of the pelvis.
Ovarian ligament
Lies within the broad ligament and attaches the ovaries to the uterus.
Myometrium
Muscle layer in the middle of the uterus. Consists of smooth muscle.
Perimetrium
Outer layer of the uterus, part of the peritoneum.
Menstruation
Sudden drop in estrogen and progesterone causes constriction of the uterine arteries and the death of the endometrium.
Which hormones cause the maturation of an oocyte?
FSH and LH
Luteal phase
A collapsed follicle forms the corpus luteum, which secretes estrogen and progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.
Which hormones are released during the luteal phase?
Inhibin and relaxin.
Inhibin
Hormone which prevents the release of FSH and LH.
Relaxin
Hormone which allows for implantation.
Corpus albicans
The corpus luteum degenerates into the corpus albicans if the egg remains unfertilized.
Embryo
Products of conception prior to 8 weeks gestation.
Perimenopause
When the menstrual cycle becomes irregular.
Dysmenorrhea
Menstrual cramps.
Anti-
Against or opposed to
Dia-
Through or complete
Retro-
Behind or backward
-scopy
Visual examination
Gastro
Stomach
Nephro
Kidney
Pharynx
Throat
Acetabulofemoral joint
Coxal joint
