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Massage Therapy Module 6 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

The process by which the products of digestion move into the bloodstream or lymph vessels and then into cells.

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2
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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3
Q

Micturition

A

Voiding urine

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4
Q

Renin

A

Substance secreted by juxtaglomerular cells to increase blood volume and pressure.

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5
Q

Functions of the pancreas

A

To break down carbohydrates.

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6
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Coiled, muscular passageway made of smooth muscle.

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7
Q

Sphincters of the stomach

A

Cardioesophageal and pyloric.

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8
Q

Rugae

A

Longitudinal folds in the lining of the stomach that allow for expansion.

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9
Q

Chyme

A

The end product of the stomach.

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10
Q

Nutrients absorbed by the stomach lining

A

Water, some minerals and medications, alcohol.

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11
Q

Sphincters of the small intestine

A

Pyloric and ileocecal

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12
Q

Components of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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13
Q

Plicae circulares

A

Circular folds in the lumen of the small intestine.

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14
Q

Mesentery

A

Section of the peritoneum that anchors a portion of the small intestine to the abdominal wall.

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15
Q

Greater omentum

A

Mesentery that connects the stomach, duodenum and transverse colon.

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16
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Attaches the right side of the stomach to the duodenum and liver.

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17
Q

Sphincter of Oddi

A

Found in the duodenum. Regulates the flow of secretions from the pancreas, liver and gallbladder.

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18
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile, processes and stores glucose and hemoglobin, produces proteins and stores vitamins and minerals.

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19
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Substance secreted by the intestinal mucosa. Stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder.

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20
Q

How many amino acids are non-essential?

A

10

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21
Q

How many amino acids are essential?

A

8

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22
Q

Hormone which mediates carbohydrate absorption

A

Insulin

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23
Q

Vitamin

A

Organic compound which is essential for normal physiologic and metabolic functioning.

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24
Q

Mineral

A

Inorganic compound required by the body.

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25
Essential nutrients
Carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, water
26
Components of the digestive system
Gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs
27
Sections of the gastrointestinal tract
Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, sigmoid colon, rectum.
28
Accessory organs of the digestive tract
Pancreas, liver and gallbladder
29
Goblet cells
Mucus producing cells of the GI tract.
30
Layers of the GI tract
Mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer and serosa layer.
31
Peritoneum
Large, flat, folded serous membrane within the abdominopelvic cavity. Anchors organs, vessels and nerve.
32
Layers of the peritoneum
Parietal and visceral.
33
Omentum
Apron
34
Organs which are retroperitoneal
Kidneys and some portions of the small intestine.
35
Number of teeth in adults
32
36
Types of teeth
Incisors, cuspids, bicuspids and tricuspids.
37
Enzymes in saliva
Amylase and lipase.
38
Salivary gland types
Sublinguinal, submandibular and parotid.
39
Parotid duct
How saliva enters the oral cavity.
40
Esophageal hiatus
Where the esophagus pierces the diaphragm.
41
Other names for the cardioesophageal sphincter
Lower esophageal or gastroesophageal.
42
Secretions from the lining of the pharynx and esophagus
Mucus
43
Portions of the stomach
Fundus, body and pylorus
44
Secretions of the stomach
Pepsin, hydrocholric acid, intrinsic factor and gastrin.
45
Pepsin
Gastric enzyme that facilitates protein digestion. Secreted by Chief cells in the form of pepsinogen.
46
Gastric acid
Secreted by parietal cells of the sotmach. Lyses proteins, activates enzymes and kills bacteria.
47
Intrinsic factor
Secreted by the stomach. Protects vitamin B12 as it passes through the stomach.
48
Gastrin
Hormone secreted by endocrine cells. Promotes digestion by stimulating gastric glands to secrete their products.
49
Functions of the small intestine
Chemical digestion and absorption.
50
Duodenum
First and shortest section of the small intestine. Includes ducts from the accessory glands. 10-12 inches long.
51
Jejunum
Middle section of the small intestine. 7 to 8 feet long.
52
Ileum
Last seciton of the small intestine. 12 feet long and contains Peyer's patches.
53
Sphincters of the small intestine
Pyloric and ileocecal.
54
Contents of intestinal juice
Peptidase, maltase, sucrase, lactase, enteropeptidase, cholecystokinin, secretin
55
Cholecystokinin
Stimulates the production of bile and the slowing of the release of stomach contents.
56
Secretin
Intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancrease to secrete an alkaline fluid.
57
Large intestine
5-6 feet long. Absorbs water and electrolytes; produces some vitamins and allows for the formation of stool.
58
Sphincters of the large intestine
ileoceal and anal.
59
Cecum
Pouch between the small and large intestines.
60
Hepatic or right colic flexure
Corner between the ascending and transverse colon.
61
Splenic or left colic flexure
Corner between the transverse and descending colon.
62
Sigmoid colon
S shaped section of the colon which extends from the centre of the abdomen to the rectum.
63
Taeniae coli
Thick, longitudinal bands around the large intestine which gives it a segmented appearence.
64
Biliary tract
Contains ducts from the liver, gallbladder and pancreas.
65
Pancreas
Pinkish-grey organ, 6-9 inches long and lies posterior to the stomach.
66
Secretions of the pancreas
Bicarbonate, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptides.
67
Trypsin
Arises from the combination of acid and trypsinogen. Digests proteins.
68
Somatostatin
Inhibits the secretions of pancreatic hormones (including insulin and glucagon).
69
Pancreatic polypeptides
Inhibits the activity of other pancreatic secretions, gallbladder contraction and intestinal motility.

Massage Therapy Module 6 (6 decks)

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