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Massage Therapy Module 6 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

The process by which the products of digestion move into the bloodstream or lymph vessels and then into cells.

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2
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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3
Q

Micturition

A

Voiding urine

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4
Q

Renin

A

Substance secreted by juxtaglomerular cells to increase blood volume and pressure.

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5
Q

Functions of the pancreas

A

To break down carbohydrates.

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6
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Coiled, muscular passageway made of smooth muscle.

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7
Q

Sphincters of the stomach

A

Cardioesophageal and pyloric.

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8
Q

Rugae

A

Longitudinal folds in the lining of the stomach that allow for expansion.

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9
Q

Chyme

A

The end product of the stomach.

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10
Q

Nutrients absorbed by the stomach lining

A

Water, some minerals and medications, alcohol.

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11
Q

Sphincters of the small intestine

A

Pyloric and ileocecal

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12
Q

Components of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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13
Q

Plicae circulares

A

Circular folds in the lumen of the small intestine.

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14
Q

Mesentery

A

Section of the peritoneum that anchors a portion of the small intestine to the abdominal wall.

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15
Q

Greater omentum

A

Mesentery that connects the stomach, duodenum and transverse colon.

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16
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Attaches the right side of the stomach to the duodenum and liver.

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17
Q

Sphincter of Oddi

A

Found in the duodenum. Regulates the flow of secretions from the pancreas, liver and gallbladder.

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18
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile, processes and stores glucose and hemoglobin, produces proteins and stores vitamins and minerals.

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19
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Substance secreted by the intestinal mucosa. Stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder.

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20
Q

How many amino acids are non-essential?

A

10

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21
Q

How many amino acids are essential?

A

8

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22
Q

Hormone which mediates carbohydrate absorption

A

Insulin

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23
Q

Vitamin

A

Organic compound which is essential for normal physiologic and metabolic functioning.

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24
Q

Mineral

A

Inorganic compound required by the body.

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25
Q

Essential nutrients

A

Carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, water

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26
Q

Components of the digestive system

A

Gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs

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27
Q

Sections of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, sigmoid colon, rectum.

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28
Q

Accessory organs of the digestive tract

A

Pancreas, liver and gallbladder

29
Q

Goblet cells

A

Mucus producing cells of the GI tract.

30
Q

Layers of the GI tract

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer and serosa layer.

31
Q

Peritoneum

A

Large, flat, folded serous membrane within the abdominopelvic cavity. Anchors organs, vessels and nerve.

32
Q

Layers of the peritoneum

A

Parietal and visceral.

33
Q

Omentum

A

Apron

34
Q

Organs which are retroperitoneal

A

Kidneys and some portions of the small intestine.

35
Q

Number of teeth in adults

A

32

36
Q

Types of teeth

A

Incisors, cuspids, bicuspids and tricuspids.

37
Q

Enzymes in saliva

A

Amylase and lipase.

38
Q

Salivary gland types

A

Sublinguinal, submandibular and parotid.

39
Q

Parotid duct

A

How saliva enters the oral cavity.

40
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

Where the esophagus pierces the diaphragm.

41
Q

Other names for the cardioesophageal sphincter

A

Lower esophageal or gastroesophageal.

42
Q

Secretions from the lining of the pharynx and esophagus

A

Mucus

43
Q

Portions of the stomach

A

Fundus, body and pylorus

44
Q

Secretions of the stomach

A

Pepsin, hydrocholric acid, intrinsic factor and gastrin.

45
Q

Pepsin

A

Gastric enzyme that facilitates protein digestion. Secreted by Chief cells in the form of pepsinogen.

46
Q

Gastric acid

A

Secreted by parietal cells of the sotmach. Lyses proteins, activates enzymes and kills bacteria.

47
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Secreted by the stomach. Protects vitamin B12 as it passes through the stomach.

48
Q

Gastrin

A

Hormone secreted by endocrine cells. Promotes digestion by stimulating gastric glands to secrete their products.

49
Q

Functions of the small intestine

A

Chemical digestion and absorption.

50
Q

Duodenum

A

First and shortest section of the small intestine. Includes ducts from the accessory glands. 10-12 inches long.

51
Q

Jejunum

A

Middle section of the small intestine. 7 to 8 feet long.

52
Q

Ileum

A

Last seciton of the small intestine. 12 feet long and contains Peyer’s patches.

53
Q

Sphincters of the small intestine

A

Pyloric and ileocecal.

54
Q

Contents of intestinal juice

A

Peptidase, maltase, sucrase, lactase, enteropeptidase, cholecystokinin, secretin

55
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Stimulates the production of bile and the slowing of the release of stomach contents.

56
Q

Secretin

A

Intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancrease to secrete an alkaline fluid.

57
Q

Large intestine

A

5-6 feet long. Absorbs water and electrolytes; produces some vitamins and allows for the formation of stool.

58
Q

Sphincters of the large intestine

A

ileoceal and anal.

59
Q

Cecum

A

Pouch between the small and large intestines.

60
Q

Hepatic or right colic flexure

A

Corner between the ascending and transverse colon.

61
Q

Splenic or left colic flexure

A

Corner between the transverse and descending colon.

62
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

S shaped section of the colon which extends from the centre of the abdomen to the rectum.

63
Q

Taeniae coli

A

Thick, longitudinal bands around the large intestine which gives it a segmented appearence.

64
Q

Biliary tract

A

Contains ducts from the liver, gallbladder and pancreas.

65
Q

Pancreas

A

Pinkish-grey organ, 6-9 inches long and lies posterior to the stomach.

66
Q

Secretions of the pancreas

A

Bicarbonate, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptides.

67
Q

Trypsin

A

Arises from the combination of acid and trypsinogen. Digests proteins.

68
Q

Somatostatin

A

Inhibits the secretions of pancreatic hormones (including insulin and glucagon).

69
Q

Pancreatic polypeptides

A

Inhibits the activity of other pancreatic secretions, gallbladder contraction and intestinal motility.

Massage Therapy Module 6 (6 decks)

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