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NURSING INCO > URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

Magnesium

A

1.5-2.5 meq/l

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2
Q

Phosporus

A

2.5-3.5 meq/l

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3
Q

Potassium

A

3.5-4.5 meq/l

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4
Q

Calcium

A

4.5- 5.5 meq/l

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5
Q

Sodium

A

135-145 mg/dl

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6
Q

Chloride

A

95-105

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7
Q

UO per hour

A

40-60 ml

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8
Q

UO per day

A

1500 ml

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9
Q

Normal BUN

A

10-20 dl

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10
Q

Serum Creatinine

A

0.4-1.2

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11
Q

Serum Uric

A

2.2. - 5.5

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12
Q

Serum Albumin

A

3.2 - 5.5

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13
Q

Normal Urine Odor

A

Aromatic

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14
Q

bean shaped

A

kidneys

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15
Q

Wt. of kidney

A

120-130g

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16
Q

Length of Kidney

A

5-6 inches

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17
Q

Width of kidney

A

2-3 inches

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18
Q

Thickness

A

2-3 cm

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19
Q

a kidney that is slightly lower than the left.

A

Right kidney; due to presence of liver

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20
Q

kidneys are located at

A

CV angle; retroperitoneally; 3rd and 12th lumbar

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21
Q

top of kidney

A

Adrenal gland

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22
Q

3 INTERNAL DISTINCT REGIONS

A

CORTEX, MEDULLA, RENAL PELVIS

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23
Q

CORTEX

A

Outer part; Light in color and granular in appearance

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24
Q

wide of renal cortex

A

1cm wide

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25
Q

waste filtration

A

glomerulus

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26
Q

surrounded by Bowman’s capsule

A

Glomerulus

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27
Q

Renal Medulla

A

Inner; contains loop of henle, vasarecta, renal pyramid

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28
Q

wide of medulla

A

5cm

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29
Q

loop of Henle

A

where loop diuretics work; water reabsorption

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30
Q

Vasarecta

A

regulates renal blood flow

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31
Q

Renal pyramid

A

collection of urine; urine flows out

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32
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Transports urine that forms in urine calices

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33
Q

total C02 receive of kidney

A

20-25%

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34
Q

Basic structural unit of kidney

A

nephrons

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35
Q

Nephrons

A

Responsible for urine formation

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36
Q

2 kinds of nephrons

A

Cortical
Juxtamedullary

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37
Q

Cortical

A

production of urine

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38
Q

Juxtamedullary

A

secrete renin

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39
Q

GFR

A

125 mL/min

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40
Q

Oliguria

A

Decreased UO

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41
Q

Polyuria

A

Increased UO

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42
Q

Anuria

A

No UO

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43
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination

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44
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus on urine

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45
Q

Presence of blood on urine

A

Hematuria

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46
Q

Painful sexual intercourse

A

Dyspareunia

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47
Q

FUNCTION OF KIDNEYS

A

UERRCRSS

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48
Q

Renal Failure; ABG?

A

metabolic acidosis

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49
Q

DOC of metabolic acidosis

A

sodium bicarbonate

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50
Q

Pt. with Renal failure is prone to-

A

Renal osteodystrophy

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51
Q

DOC OF Hyperkalemia

A

CBIGKD

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52
Q

Glucose is always with?

A

Potassium

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53
Q

Kayexalate

A

It exchanges for sodium ions of body and eliminates excess potassium

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54
Q

Nitrogen waste

A

Urea

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55
Q

produce RBC

A

Erythropoietin

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56
Q

cannot be improved by dialysis

A

anemia

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57
Q

Activate by liver then followed by kidney

A

vitamin D

58
Q

Maintain renal blood circulation even with regulation of sodium

A

prostaglandins

59
Q

RAAS

A

Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System

60
Q

This hormone inhibits ADH secretion

A

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE

61
Q

ANP released and inhibit ADH production -> ↓Water Reabsorption -> ↑UO -> dilute urine -> ↓SG

A

Renal Failure

62
Q

Urine that forms in the nephrons flow into the renal pelvis and then into these

A

Ureters

63
Q

ureters length

A

12-20 inches

64
Q

terminate end of the ureter

A

Trigone wall

65
Q

Posterior to the symphysis pubis
and a Muscular hollow sac located just behind the pubic bone

A

URINARY BLADDER

66
Q

UB in Males: lies immediately in front of the_______

A

rectum

67
Q

UB in Females: lies in front of the__________

A

vagina

68
Q

Amount of urine holds

A

500-800 ml

69
Q

Smooth triangular portion of the base of the bladder outlined by these openings

A

Trigone wall

70
Q

Detrusol

A

allows the bladder to expand or contract

71
Q

Thin-walled muscular tube that channels urine to the outside of the body

A

URETHRA

72
Q

Female urethra

A

0.5 – 2.5 inches (3-5 cm)

73
Q

Male urethra

A

5-6 inches (20cm)

74
Q

Red, Dark, Smoky Color

A

bleeding

75
Q

Cloudy

A

infection

76
Q

Colorless

A

FVE

77
Q

Very dark yellow

A

FVD

78
Q

Red/ Red brown

A

due to: Thoracin and Rifampicin

79
Q

Orange

A

Severe DHN

80
Q

Blue/green

A

Elavil (anti-depressant)

81
Q

Brown/Black

A

Lysol poisoning

82
Q

Milky

A

Fats

83
Q

pH

A

4.5-8

84
Q

Specific Gravity

A

1.010 – 1.025

85
Q

Protein

A

(AGN)

Acute Glomerulonephritis

86
Q

What cause Glucose?

A

(DM)

87
Q

Ketones

A

(DKA)

88
Q

WBC, RBC, if present?

A

infection

89
Q

↑BUN

A

= renal failure

90
Q

RBC

A

4.5-5

91
Q

HcT F

A

26 – 44

92
Q

HcT M

A

40 – 50

93
Q

Creatinine Clearance F

A

85-135

94
Q

Creatinine Clearance M

A

97 – 127

95
Q

ONCOTIC PRESSURE

A

Pulley force for water to contain in ECF ; protein leaves

96
Q

CYSTOSCOPY
invasive or not?

A

INVASIVE

97
Q

for clearer visualization and maintain sterility of area

A

Laxatives

98
Q

Sedation

A

to relax = diazepam or valium

99
Q

CYSTOSCOPY

done with anesthesia or not?

A

Anesthesia

100
Q

In local anesthesia?

A

Force fluids

101
Q

Force fluids in local anesthesia

A

prevent ascending Urinary Tract Infection

102
Q

Force fluids; amount?

A

3000 mL

103
Q

In general anesthesia

A

NPO 6-8 hours

104
Q

NPO 6-8 hours

A

to prevent aspiration – temporarily relax peristaltic movement

105
Q

desire to void is? normal or abnormal

A

NORMAL

106
Q

Cystoscopy Position:

A

Lithotomy

107
Q

Cystoscopy takes about:

A

15 mins – 1 hour

108
Q

Bed rest and Don’t attempt to stand without assistance- after cystoscopy to-

A

Prevent orthostatic hypotension or supine hypertensive syndrome

109
Q

Expected burning on urination for a__________

A

day or two

110
Q

AFTER cystoscopy : Monitor vital signs

A

for suspected bleeding = hypo, tachy, tachy

111
Q

AFTER cystoscopy: Observe for

A

-retention or low UO
-bright bleeding or hematuria
-abdominal or flank pain
-chills or fever
-signs of tissue irritation
-signs of infection

112
Q

Pink-tinged urine is________

A

normal

113
Q

Normal Pink-tinged urine is due to

A

irritation of mucous membrane of urinary tracts

114
Q

BLOOD after cystoscopy?

A

report to physician (prevent hypovolemia)

115
Q

Hot sitz bath to?

A

relieve pelvic or perineal discomfort

116
Q

Warm moist soaks to?

A

prevent leg cramps

117
Q

IV pyelogram- “GRAM”

A

make use of contrast medium (iodinated)

118
Q

Most common used contrast medium

A

hypaque

119
Q

Check iodine allergy to?

A

prevent hypersensitivity

120
Q

readily available at bedside to prevent delayed hypersensitivity reaction

A

EPINEPHRINE

121
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction

A
  • Itching/rashes
  • Bronchospasm
  • Anaphylactic shock
121
Q

Intravenous Pyelogram - Invasive or not?

A

Invasive

122
Q

Evacuate feces for clearer visualization

A

Bowel preparation (laxative or enema)

123
Q

CARE AFTER: IV Pyelogram

A

-Monitor VS
-NPO 6-8 hours
-Increase Fluid Intake
-Burning Sensation on voiding may be experienced
-Observe for delayed allergic reaction

124
Q

Increase Fluid Intake

A

to flow out contrast medium =nephrotoxic

125
Q

KUB

A

Painless and No usual special preparation done

126
Q

RENAL BIOPSY

A

Suspected renal Ca

127
Q

kidney is highly?

A

vascularized

128
Q

Renal Biopsy: NPO Status

A

from midnight; 6-8 hours

129
Q

RENAL BIOPSY: Check pro-time, hemoglobin, hematocrit

A

since kidney is highly vascularized

130
Q

Renal Biopsy Position:

A

Prone

131
Q

Apply pressure dressing:

A

prevent bleeding

131
Q

Hold breath and remain still during needle insertion for?

A

(5-15 secs)

132
Q

AFTER RENALBIOPSY: Bed rest for 24 hours?

A

prone to bleeding

133
Q

RENAL BIOPSY: Monitor_______ and notify in case of _____________, ________________or other signs ________________

A

Monitor vital signs and notify in case of tachycardia, hypotension or other signs (oliguria, ↓LOC)

134
Q

Monitor biopsy site for?

A

bleeding

135
Q

Obtain hematocrit and hemoglobin in

A

8 hours (detect internal bleeding)

136
Q

Force fluids

A

prevent ascending UTI

137
Q

RENALBIOPSY: Avoid strenuous exercise for?

A

2 weeks (to prevent bleeding)

138
Q

Signs of bleeding after cystoscopy

A

low bp, high RR and PR, restlessness

139
Q

Signs of infection

A

Ab. pain, tenderness, chills, fever

NURSING INCO (9 decks)

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