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NURSING INCO > NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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2
Q

Includes cranial nerves (12), spinal nerves (31), autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

A

PNS

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3
Q

Fight or flight

A

Sympathetic

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4
Q

↓ peristaltic, relaxed bladder

A

Sympathetic

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5
Q

Everything is high excluding GI and GU

A

Sympathetic

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6
Q

Rest and digest

A

Parasympathetic

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7
Q

Everything is low

A

Parasympathetic

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7
Q

Controls everything (cognitive, behavior, motor, sensory)

A

BRAIN

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8
Q

How many cells has the brain?

A

more than 100 billion cells

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8
Q

basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system

A

NEURON

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9
Q

Composed of cell body, dendrites, axons

A

NEURON

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10
Q

Core section of the neuron (store genetic material – DNA)

A

CELL BODY

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11
Q

Gaps formed between the myelin sheath

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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11
Q

Contains nucleus and cytoplasm

A

CELL BODY

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11
Q

 Made up of protein and fatty substance
 Covers axon

A

Myelin sheath

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12
Q

Myelin sheath Function:

A

speeds up transmission of electrical impulses to cell body

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12
Q

Nodes of Ranvier Function:

A

speeds up transmission of electrical impulses to cell body

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13
Q

Schwann Cells Function:

A

structure, development, regeneration of peripheral

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13
Q

Cell that surrounds neurons

A

Schwann Cells

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14
Q

BRAIN; Accounts for approximately _____ of the total body weight

A

20%

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14
Q

Finger-like cells present on the end of a neuron and Receive information from axon terminals

A

DENDRITES

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14
Q

Transmits information away from the cell body to adjacent neurons

A

AXON

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15
Q

An average young adult, it weighs approximately

A

1400g

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16
Q

An average elderly person it weighs approximately

A

1200g

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17
Q

The brain is divided into three major areas:

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

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17
Q

Initiate reasoning, problem solving, judgment, thinking

A

CEREBRUM

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18
Q

Cerebrum: It makes up about _____ of the brain

A

80%

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19
Q

4 lobes of cerebrum

A

FTOP

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20
Q

Masses of nuclei located deep in the cerebral hemispheres

A

BASAL GANGLIA

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21
Q

Responsible for control of fine motor movements, of the hands and lower extremities

A

BASAL GANGLIA

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21
Q

Thick collection of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

A

CORPUS CALLOSUM

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22
Q

Responsible for the transmission of information from one side of the brain to the
other

A

CORPUS CALLOSUM

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22
Q

Gray matter structure located near the center of the brain

A

THALAMUS

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23
Q

Acts primarily as a relay station for all sensation except smell

A

THALAMUS

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24
Q

Acts as your body’s smart control coordinating center

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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24
Q

All memory, sensation, and pain impulses pass through this section of the brain

A

THALAMUS

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25
Q

Sleep/wake cycle, temperature, autonomic nervous system

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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26
Q

Maintains balance, posture, coordination

A

CEREBELLUM

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27
Q

CEREBELLUM Located in:

A

posterior to the midbrain and pons, and below the occipital lobe

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27
Q

BRAINSTEM LOCATION:

A

The bottom part of the brain

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28
Q

Connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord

A

BRAINSTEM

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28
Q

BRAINSTEM

A

Regulates heart rate, breathing, sleep and wake cycles, and swallowing

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28
Q

MIDBRAIN located?

A

topmost part of the brainstem

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29
Q

MEDULLA OBLONGATA CN:

A

IX (glossopharyngeal) and XII (hypoglossal)

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29
Q

Reflex center for respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, coughing, vomiting, swallowing, and sneezing

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

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29
Q

FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

A

FRONTAL LOBE
PARIETAL LOBE
OCCIPITAL LOBE
TEMPORAL LOBE

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30
Q

Largest lobe of the brain, located in the front of the head

A

FRONTAL LOBE

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30
Q

Major functions: concentration, abstract thought, information storage and motor function, decision-making and movement and recognition of smell

A

FRONTAL LOBE

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30
Q

It contains Broca’s which is critical for motor control

A

FRONTAL LOBE

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31
Q

Damage to Broca’s

A

expressive aphasia

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31
Q

Broca’s

A

motor control

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32
Q

Information stage

A

Sensory memory
Short-term memory/working
Long-term memory/permanent

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33
Q

what is expressive aphasia?

A

difficulty forming words

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33
Q

Serves as the center for auditory and visual reflexes

A

MIDBRAIN

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34
Q

Midbrain CN:

A

III (oculomotor) and IV (trochlear)

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35
Q

↑ ICP s/sx in compression CN III

A

Anisucuria = unequal pupil

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35
Q

Largest part of the brain stem

A

PONS

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35
Q

PONS CN:

A

V (trigeminal) and VIII (vestibulocochlear/ auditory/ acoustic)

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36
Q

anti-tubercular drug that damages CN VIII

A

Streptomycin

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36
Q

Portion of it help regulate respiration

A

PONS

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36
Q

Coordinates facial movements, hearing and balance

A

PONS

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37
Q

*Anti-tubercular drugs

A

a. Isoniazid = peripheral neuritis = take B6
b. Rifampin = red-orange urine
c. Pyrazinamide
d. Ethambutol = optic neuritis (Snellen chart and ishihara)

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37
Q

Terminal part of brainstem

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

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38
Q

Middle part of brain

A

PARIETAL LOBE

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39
Q

Involved in interpreting pain and touch in the body

A

PARIETAL LOBE

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39
Q

identify objects and understand spatial relationships – essential to a person’s awareness of body position in space, size, and shape discrimination, and right-left orientation

A

PARIETAL LOBE

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40
Q

Located posterior to the parietal lobe; back part of the brain

A

OCCIPITAL LOBE

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41
Q

Responsible for visual interpretation (vision)

A

OCCIPITAL LOBE

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41
Q

Damage to this area leads to Alexia

A

OCCIPITAL LOBE

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42
Q

inability of the person to rea

A

Alexia

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43
Q

Located at the sides of the brain

A

TEMPORAL LOBE

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44
Q

Involved in auditory reception, speech/language; plays a role in memory of sound and music

A

TEMPORAL LOBE

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44
Q

It houses Wernicke’s

A

TEMPORAL LOBE

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44
Q

What is the function of Wernicke’s?

A

helps the brain understand spoken language

45
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s

A

Receptive Aphasia

45
Q

What is Receptive Aphasia?

A

difficulty understanding others

45
Q

Fibrous connective tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord, provide protection, support, and nourishment

A

MENINGES

45
Q

Layers of the meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

46
Q

Outermost layer, It is though, thick, inelastic, fibrous, and gray.

A

Dura Mater

46
Q

Dura Mater Function:

A

Allows blood to leave the brain

47
Q

Middle membrane; an extremely thin, delicate membrane that closely resembles a spider web.

A

Arachnoid

47
Q

Arachnoid Function:

A

production of CSF (choroid plexus)

47
Q

It has cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the space below it, called the_________

A

subarachnoid space

48
Q

This membrane has unique fingerlike projections, called __________________that absorb CSF into the venous system

A

subarachnoid villi

48
Q

Innermost, thin, transparent layer that hugs the brain closely and extends into every fold of the brain’s surface

A

Pia Mater

49
Q

Function: Allow for blood to enter brain

A

Pia Mater

50
Q

A clear, colorless watery fluid that flows in and around the brain and spinal cord

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

51
Q

CSF is primarily produced by the _______ which resides in the meninges

A

choroid plexus

52
Q

Amount of CSF produced per day:

A

500mL

53
Q

CSF: Acid base?

A

Alkaline

54
Q

Cloudy CSF

A

infection (meningitis)

55
Q

Bloody/ Reddish CSF

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

56
Q

↑CSF = ↑ICP=

A

cerebral edema

56
Q

Normal CSF Glucose

A

50 – 80 mg/dL

*↓= infection (meningitis)

57
Q

Normal CSF Protein

A

20 – 50

*↑ = infection (meningitis)

57
Q

CSF Pressure

A

70 – 180 mmHg

58
Q

Specific Gravity

A

1.007

59
Q

↑ CVP =

A

FVE

59
Q

↓ CVP =

A

FVD

59
Q

↑ Specific gravity = FVD =

A

DHN

60
Q

Normal CSF contains a minimal number of __________and no ______________.

A

white blood cells ; red blood cells

61
Q

FVD s/sx

A

Decrease weight
Pale conjunctiva
↓BP, ↑HR, ↑RR
Poor skin turgor
Dry mucous membrane

62
Q

initial sign of hypovolemic shock

A

RESTLESSNESS

62
Q

30% of water on body is lost

A

Hypovolemia

62
Q

↓BP =

A

↓Pulse pressure (systolic – diastolic)

62
Q

The cranial nerves _______________to and from the brain

A

carry impulses

63
Q

↑ICP =

A

hydrocephalus

63
Q

narrow pulse pressure

A

(normal = 30-40)

63
Q

Three sensory

A

I, II, VIII

64
Q

Five – motor

A

III, IV, VI, XI, and XII

65
Q

Olfactory

A

Sense of smell

65
Q

Trochlear

A

Muscles that move the eye

65
Q

Four – mixed sensory and motor

A

V, VII, IX, X

65
Q

Visual acuity and visual fields

A

Optic

66
Q

A nerve responsible for
Facial sensation, corneal reflex, mastication

A

Trigeminal

66
Q

Compressed Oculomotor

A

anisucoria = unequal pupil

66
Q

Muscles that moves the eye and lid, pupillary constriction

A

Oculomotor

67
Q

Abducens

A

Muscles that move the eye

Longest = ↑ICP = dilated pupil

68
Q

Facial

A

Facial expression and muscle movement, salivation and tearing, taste, sensation in the ear

69
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

Taste, sensation in pharynx and tongue, pharyngeal muscles, swallowing

69
Q

Hearing and equilibrium

A

Vestibulocochlear/ Auditory/ Acoustic

70
Q

Muscles of pharynx, larynx, and soft palate; sensation in external ear, pharynx, larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera; parasympathetic innervation of thoracic and abdominal organs
Innervates gastrointestinal = causes vasovagal stimulation (bradycardia, syncope)

A

Vagus

70
Q
A
71
Q

Accessory

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

72
Q

Hypoglossal

A

Movement of the tongue

72
Q

HIGH NOREPINEPHRINE

A

manic, high anxiety

73
Q

How many cervical in Spinal nerves?

A

8

73
Q

SPINAL NERVES consist of?

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

74
Q

How many thoracic in Spinal nerves?

A

12

75
Q

Component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

76
Q

o SYMPHATETIC
o PARASYMPHATETIC

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

76
Q

Thin and watery Secretion of salivary glands

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

76
Q

Thick and viscid Secretion of salivary glands

A

SYMPATHETIC

77
Q

Relaxed Urinary bladder

A

SYMPATHETIC

77
Q

NOREPINEPHRINE

A

Usually excitatory; attention, alertness, focus

77
Q

HIGH ACETYLCHOLINE

A

lacrimation (muta), salivation

78
Q

LOW ACETYLCHOLINE

A

Multiple sclerosis, alzheimers

78
Q

ACETYLCHOLINE

A

Usually excitatory; muscle contraction

78
Q

HIGH SEROTONIN

A

↑ = manic

78
Q

SEROTONIN

A

Inhibitory; helps control mood and sleep, anxiety, inhibits pain pathways

78
Q

LOW NOREPINEPHRINE

A

depression

78
Q

LOW SEROTONIN

A

↓ = depression

78
Q

LOW DOPAMINE

A

↓ = Parkinsons, depression, inhibit pain

78
Q

Usually inhibits, affects behavior (attention, emotions) and fine movement

A

DOPAMINE

79
Q

HIGH DOPAMINE

A

↑ = Manic

80
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Q

ENDORPHIN

A

Excitatory; pleasurable sensation, inhibits pain

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NURSING INCO (9 decks)

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