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NURSING INCO > CARDIOVASCULAR SYSYTEM > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSYTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

Hollow, muscular organ located in the center of the thorax

A

HEART

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2
Q

The heart weighs approximately

A

300g

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3
Q

__________of fluid in the pericardial sac

A

10-20 ml

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3
Q

HEART FUNCTION:

A

Pump oxygenated blood to cells and tissues

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3
Q

Function of pericardial fluid:

A

prevent friction between visceral and parietal

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3
Q

EPICARDIUM

A

Outermost layer

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3
Q

inflammation of pericardium

A

PERICARDITIS:

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4
Q

Angina

A

= relieved by rest

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4
Q

Myocardial Infarction drug?

A

morphine sulfate

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5
Q

Contains 2 layers

A

Visceral
Parietal

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5
Q

The cardiac muscle or middle layer which is made up of muscle fibers

A

MYOCARDIUM

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5
Q

Inner layer which consists of endothelial tissue and lines the inside of the heart and valves

A

ENDOCARDIUM

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5
Q

RIGHT ATRIUM location:

A

4th intercostal space, right midclavicular line

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5
Q

Receives venous blood from the right atrium, and ejects this blood into the lungs via the pulmonary artery

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE

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5
Q

Receives venous blood returning to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava

A

RIGHT ATRIUM

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6
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and then empties the blood into the left ventricle

A

LEFT ATRIUM

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6
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium of and ejects blood into the systemic arterial circulation via the aorta

A

LEFT VENTRICLE

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7
Q

LEFT VENTRICLE location:

A

5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line

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7
Q

Responsible for apex beat or point of maximal pulse

A

LEFT VENTRICLE : 5 ICS, LMCL

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7
Q

During __________ of the muscle or ___________ , the chambers of the heart becomes __________ as the blood is ejected

A

contraction; systole - smaller

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7
Q

During _____________ of the muscles of the heart wall or ___________, the heart chambers _______ with blood in preparation for the subsequent ejection

A

relaxation; diastole - fill

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8
Q

amount of blood that is ejected from either ventricle per minute

A

5L

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8
Q

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE

A
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9
Q

These valves open during ventricular systole, and they close during ventricular diastole

A

SEMILUNAR VALVE

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9
Q

Lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary valve

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9
Q

Lies between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

Aortic valve

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9
Q

Vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle; They originate from the aorta

A

CORONARY ARTERY

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9
Q

LEFT CORONARY ARTERY; TWO BRANCHES

A

Circumflex coronary artery
LADA (Left Anterior Descending Artery)

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10
Q

Supplies: left atrium, lateral surface of left ventricle

A

Circumflex coronary artery

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10
Q

Anterior wall of left ventricle, apex of heart

A

LADA (Left Anterior Descending Artery)

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10
Q

TWO CORONARY ARTERY

A

LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

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10
Q

It is the beginning of the conduction system and normally function as the pacemaker of the heart

A

SINOATRIAL NODE

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10
Q

Supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, a portion of the septum, SA node, AV node and inferior portion of the left ventricle

A

RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

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11
Q

SINOATRIAL NODE LOCATION?

A

Located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium

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11
Q

Generates and transmits electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of the myocardium

A

CONDUCTION SYSTEM

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11
Q

A bundle of specialized muscle fibers – that travel in the septum separating the left and right ventricles

A

BUNDLE OF HIS

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11
Q

Right bundle branch

A

Right ventricles

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12
Q

Left bundle branch

A

left ventricles

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12
Q

BUNDLE OF HIS

A

Ventricular depolarization

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13
Q

Point at which the myocardial cells are stimulated, causing ventricular contraction

A

PURKINJE FIBERS

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13
Q

Composed of specialized cells to rapidly conduct the impulses through the thick walls of the ventricles

A

PURKINJE FIBERS

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14
Q

Atrial depolarization

A

P Interval/Wave

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14
Q

Complete ventricular depolarization

A

PURKINJE FIBERS

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15
Q

0.04 – 0.11 secs

A

P Interval/Wave

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15
Q

0.12 – 0.20 secs

A

PR Interval

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16
Q

Impulse transmission from SA – AV node

A

PR Interval

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17
Q

Ventricular depolarization

A

QRS

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17
Q

0.05 – 0.10 secs

A

QRS

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18
Q

Plateau phase

A

ST Segment

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19
Q

Gap between ventricular depolarization and ventricular repolarization

A

ST Segment

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19
Q

Complete ventricular repolarization

A

U Wave

19
Q

MI and hyperkalemia = elevated

A

ST Segment

19
Q

Ventricular repolarization

A

T Wave

19
Q

Initial sign of hyperkalemia

A

o Weakness
o Bounding pulse
o Cardiac and respiratory arrest
o Everything is high and fast

20
Q

Hyperkalemia DOC

A

Calcium gluconate, insulin, glucos, calcium bicarbonate, kayexalate, dialysis

20
Q

Hypokalemia DOC

A

Potassium chloride

20
Q

Coordinates the incoming impulses from the SA node

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

21
Q

SYSTOLE

A

Contraction and emptying of the atria and ventricles

21
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Muscle twitching, tremors, paresthesia, Chvostek’s sign, Trousseau’s sign

21
Q

DIASTOLE

A

Relaxation and filling of the atria and the ventricles

22
Q

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta per minute

A

CARDIAC OUTPUT

22
Q

Average Cardiac Output

A

5L/min

22
Q

equation of CO

A

CO = SV x HR

22
Q

Delay transmission of impulse going to ventricles____________________

A

to allow for complete atrial depolarization

22
Q

Amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle into the aorta per beat

A

STROKE VOLUME

23
Q

Delay transmission of impulse going to ventricles to allow for complete atrial depolarization

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

23
Q

STROKE VOLUME
Determined by three factors:

A

preload, contractility, and afterload

24
Q

Degree of myocardial fiber stretch before contraction

A

PRELOAD

24
Q

The greater myocardial fiber stretches, within physiologic limits, the more forceful the ventricular contraction, thereby increasing stroke volume

A

FRANK-STERLING LAW

24
Q

STROKE VOLUME per ML

A

70mL

25
Q

PRELOAD

A

It is related to the volume of blood distending the ventricles at the end of diastole

25
Q

Do not give digoxin if pulse rate <60

A

to prevent rebound bradycardia

25
Q

Digoxin

A

increase cardiac contractility and decrease HR

26
Q

Ability of the heart muscle to contract and thereby pump blood

A

CONTRACTILITY

26
Q

Before taking Digoxin

A

Check pulse (apical)

26
Q

SIDE EFFECT DIGOXIN/DIGITALIS

A

Blurring of vision
Anorexia
Nausea and vomiting
Dysrhythmia
Green halos around eyes

26
Q

Do not give digoxin if pulse rate >120

A

rebound tachycardia

26
Q

when taking digoxin, what electrolyte to check?

A

Check potassium (hypokalemia)

26
Q

Amount of pressure that the heart needs to exert to eject the blood during ventricular contraction

A

AFTERLOAD

27
Q

How to assess a pt. with JVD?

A

supine position & (HOB) at 30-45° angle.
If it remains engorged, then there is jugular vein distention

27
Q

Due to fluid volume excess

A

NECK VEIN DISTENTION (JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION)

27
Q

Jugular Vein Distention (JVD) may indicate:

A

Right sided congestive heart failure

27
Q
A
27
Q

Produced by asynchronous closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

A

S1 (LUB)

27
Q

Produced by asynchronous closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

A

S2 (DUB)

27
Q

It signals the onset of ventricular systole

A

S1 (LUB)

27
Q

It signals the onset of ventricular diastole

A

S2 (DUBB)

27
Q

o A faint, low pitched sound produced by rapid ventricular filling in early diastole

A

S3

27
Q

It is a low frequency sound which is present in congestive heart failure

A

S4

28
Q

o It is normal in children and in young adults
o It indicates congestive heart failure in older adults

A

S3 sound

28
Q

Abnormal in all ages

A

S4 sound

28
Q

Rule in JVD

A

Angle of Loui’s (add 5)

28
Q

Normal CVP

A

5-12 cm of water

28
Q

The first and second heart sounds are best heard with the _____________ of the stethoscope

A

diaphragm = high pitched

28
Q

Extra heart sounds are best heard with the ____ of the stethoscope

A

bell = low pitched

29
Q

Use the _____________ of the stethoscope when auscultating the ______-area

A

diaphragm= apical

30
Q

During auscultation of extra heart sounds, place the client in _______________ position

A

upright leaning forward

31
Q

CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE

A

Monitors the pressure within the right atrium

31
Q

CVP: 3 sites of catheter insertion

A

Subclavian
Internal jugular
Femoral

32
Q

CVP: Normal reading

A

Superior vena cava = 5-12 cm H2O
Right atrium = 0-10 cm H2O

32
Q

↑CVP = FVE

A
32
Q

↓CVP = FVD

A

FVD

33
Q

CVP: The O level of the water manometer should be placed at the____________

A

4th ICS, RMCL

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NURSING INCO (9 decks)

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