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NURSING INCO > RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

serve as a passageway for air to pass to and from the lungs;

A

Nose

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2
Q

filters impurities and humidifies.

A

Nose

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3
Q

external openings of nasal cavities

A

Nostril / Nares

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4
Q

other term for nasal cavity

A

vestibule

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5
Q

narrow vertical divider that separates the nasal cavities

A

Nasal septum

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6
Q

upper chambers of the nasal cavities; increase the surface area

A

conchae

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7
Q

air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity

A

paranasal sinuses

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8
Q

serves as a resonating chamber in speech

A

paranasal sinuses

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9
Q

hair-like projections which help in filtering out hair

A

vibrissae

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9
Q

common site of infection

A

sinuses

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10
Q

Inflammation of the sinus

A

sinusitis

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11
Q

Frontal Sinus

A

Pain is felt above the eyebrow

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12
Q

Ethmoid Sinus

A

Pain in and around eyes

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12
Q

Maxillary Sinus

A

Pain around cheeks

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13
Q

Sphenoid Sinus

A

Pain behind eyes

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14
Q

Common causative organisms: Sinusitis

A

a. Streptococcus pneumoniae
b. Haemophilus influenza
c. Moraxella catarrhalis

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15
Q

Catarrhal symptoms

A

coryza (runny nose)

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16
Q

Other symptoms of Sinusitis

A

= headache, ear pain, fever

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17
Q

TYPE OF SINUSITIS

A

Viral
Acute
Chronic
Fungal

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18
Q

Viral sinusitis

A

infects mucus membranes of sinus (no meds)

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18
Q

Acute Sinusitis

A

Due to allergic reaction

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19
Q

Chronic Sinusitis

A

2 wks after upper respiratory tract infection

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20
Q

Fungal sinusitis

A

Caused by candida albicans

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21
Q

Why not ASA

A

Possibility to develop nasal polyps

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22
Q

Codeine

A
  • For pain
     Instruct not to drive
     ↑OFI
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22
Q

Codeine- SE:

A

drowsiness, constipation

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22
Q

Antibiotic of Sinusitis

A

Amoxicillin

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23
Q

Amoxicillin

A

7-10 days

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24
Q

Nasal congestion of Sinusitis

A

Dimetap, Sudafed

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24
Q

Dimetap, Sudafed. How long?

A

24-72 hours

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25
Q

Tube-like structure that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx

A

PHARYNX

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26
Q

Three regions of Pharynx:

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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27
Q

The pharynx functions as a_______________________________.

A

passageway for the respiratory and digestive tracts

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28
Q

It regulates the passage of air to the lungs and food and fluid to the esophagus

A

LARYNGOPHARYNX

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29
Q

Muscular, box-shaped passageway posterior to the nose

A

NASOPHARYNX

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30
Q

Includes the back part of tongue , tonsils, soft palate, and the sides and walls of the throat

A

OROPHARYNX

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31
Q

Keeps food and liquid from getting into the respiratory system

A

EPIGLOTTIS

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32
Q

A lymph node that help to filter out bacteria and prevent other germs to prevent infection in the body

A

TONSILS

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32
Q

1-3x a year

A

TONSILLITIS

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33
Q

Causative agent of TONSILLITIS:

A

GABHS

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34
Q

S/SX of Tonsillitis

A

a. Dysphagia
b. Throat discomfort (hot and acidic beverages)
c. Halitosis
d. Fever

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34
Q

To Relieve s/sx of tonsillitis

A

warm saline gargle

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34
Q

Eliminate bacteria

A

↑OFI

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35
Q

Surgery of tonsillitis; how many times in a year?

A

4-6x a year

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36
Q

Pre Op tonsillitis: the pt. should not have a URTI?

A

yes, to prevent wound dehiscence

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37
Q

Pre Op tonsillitis: Check prothrombin time

A

prone to bleeding

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37
Q

Bleeding s/sx

A

FHHDM

frequent swallowing
hemoptysis
hypotension
decrease loc
melena

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38
Q

black tarry stool / swallowed blood

A

Melena (normal 1-3 days)

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39
Q

Recommended position after tonsillectomy when unconscious

A

Prone with head turned to side with pillow under chest

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40
Q

Recommended position after tonsillectomy once awake

A

semi-fowlers (promote lung expansion)

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41
Q

TT: Provide ice – cold fluids

A

ice chips

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42
Q

Avoid ASA in?

A

Tonsillectomy

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43
Q

________ is contraindicated after tonsillectomy, including ice cream

A

Milk; makes secretion viscous

44
Q

Avoid red/dark-colored fluids/beverages

A

it mask signs of bleeding

45
Q

Avoid coughing, sneezing, blowing nose for________

A

1-2 weeks= cause wound dehiscence

46
Q

TT: Expected color of stool for few days

A

black tarry stool (melena)

46
Q

Voice box

A

LARYNX

47
Q

A cartilaginous epithelium – lined structure that connects the pharynx and trachea

A

LARYNX

48
Q

TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY (s/sx)

hint: LL

A

o Loss of voice
o Loss of smell

49
Q

Larynx Major function:

A

vocalization

49
Q

Initial manifestation of laryngeal Ca:

A

persistent hoarseness of voice

50
Q

Also protects the lower airway from foreign substances and facilitates coughing

A

LARYNX

50
Q

After total laryngectomy? Inability to:

A

BSWGV

51
Q

Flap of cartilage located in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx

A

EPIGLOTTIS

51
Q

Forms the entrance to the larynx/ covers the larynx

A

EPIGLOTTIS

52
Q

Windpipe

A

TRACHEA

52
Q

Composed of smooth muscle with C-shaped rings (16-20) of cartilage at regular intervals

A

TRACHEA

53
Q

Serves as the passage between the larynx and the bronchi; allowing the passage of air

A

TRACHEA

54
Q

C-shaped rings

A

(16-20)

55
Q
A
56
Q

Paired elastic structures enclosed in the thoracic cage.

Also, Major organs of the respiratory system.

A

LUNGS

57
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

right lung has 3 lobes and is slightly larger
than the left lung.

57
Q

mediastinum

A

It is the area that contains the heart, trachea,
esophagus, and many lymph nodes.

58
Q

Predisposing factors to lung
cancer

A

Smoking, asbestos exposure, and hereditary
factors.

59
Q

Warning signs of lung cancer

A

PHRCA

60
Q

late signs of lung cancer

A

WWAA

61
Q

pneumonectomy

A

removal of a lung.

62
Q

What is the recommended position for a patient
undergoing pneumonectomy?

A

The patient should be positioned toward the
affected side to avoid leakage of fluid on the
unaffected side.

63
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of a lobe.

64
Q

What is the recommended position for a patient
undergoing lobectomy?

A

The patient should be positioned toward the
unaffected side.

65
Q

hallmark symptom of pneumonia

A

Rusty colored sputum.

66
Q

What is the diagnostic test for identifying the
causative organism in pneumonia?

A

Sputum culture.

67
Q

What is the diagnostic test for showing lung
consolidation in pneumonia?

A

X-ray.

68
Q

What is the pleura?

A

A serous membrane that lines the lungs and wall of
the thorax.

68
Q

function of the pleura

A

To lubricate the thorax and lungs and permit
smooth motion of the lungs within the thoracic
cavity with each breath.

69
Q

Lungs is separated by the__________

A

mediastinum

69
Q

lobes of lung

A

Right 3 lobes
Left 2 lobes

69
Q
A
70
Q

amount of fluid in the pleural space

A

10-20 ml.

70
Q

pleural effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid in pleural space.

71
Q

hydrothorax

A

Water in pleural space.

72
Q

Visceral pleura

A

covers the lungs

72
Q

Parietal pleura

A

lines the thorax

73
Q

Blood in pleural space.

A

hemothorax

73
Q

Air in pleural space.

A

pneumothorax

74
Q

inflammation of the pleura.

A

pleurisy

75
Q

pneumothorax

A

presence of air in the pleural
space

76
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilatation of the bronchioles.

77
Q

hallmark symptom of bronchiectasis

A

persistent productive cough

78
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs that function as basic
respiratory units

79
Q

Type 1 alveolar cells

A

form the alveolar walls and are
responsible for the major exchange of gases.

80
Q

What is the recommended position during a
thoracentesis procedure?

A

sitting upright and leaning forward

81
Q

Gold standard for diagnosing
bronchiectasis

A

CT scan.

81
Q

What is thoracentesis?

A

removal of fluid or air from the
pleural cavity.

82
Q

What is the recommended position after a
thoracentesis procedure?

A

unaffected side to prevent
leakage.

82
Q

What is the major exchange that occurs in the
alveoli?

A

Gas exchange.

83
Q

Type 2 epithelial cells

A

secrete surfactant

84
Q

A phospholipid that lines
the inner surface and prevents alveolar collapse.

A

surfactant

85
Q

Type 3 cells

A

macrophages

85
Q

ingest foreign matter
and act as an important defense mechanism.

A

macrophages

86
Q

What does the Lecithin Sphingomyelin Ratio test
measure?

A

The amount of 2 substances found in the amniotic
fluid during pregnancy.

87
Q

normal ratio for LS ratio test?

A

2:1

88
Q

Indication for the LS Ratio test

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

88
Q

Hallmark of emphysema

A

Barrel chest/­ AP chest diameter.

89
Q

safest amount of oxygen for patients
with emphysema

A

1-2 L (not to depress normal breathing).

89
Q

What dietary recommendations are given for
patients with emphysema?

A

­HIGH Protein, ­Vit C,
LOW carbs, ¯fat.

89
Q

large tubes that connect to the trachea

A

BRONCHI

89
Q

smaller branches of the bronchial airways

A

BRONCHIOLES

90
Q

How many alveoli is?

A

300 million

91
Q

about 300 million alveoli are arranged in clusters of _________.

A

15-20

91
Q

3 Types of Alveolar cells

A

TYPE 1, 2, 3.

92
Q

LOW PH HIGH CO2

A

emphysema

93
Q

High Co2; teaching?

A

Pursed lip breathing

94
Q

Respiratory alkalosis; give?

A

brown paper bag

95
Q

Purulent sputum amount per day?

A

> 500 ml/day

96
Q

dilatation of bronchioles means?

A

results to decrease ability to clear mucus

97
Q

amount of fluid to withdrawn in thoracentesis

A

60ml

98
Q

why not to exceed in 60 ml in withdrawing in throacentesis

A

to prevent FVD

99
Q

can determine fetal lung maturity

A

surfactant

100
Q

corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity? 2

A

Dexamethasone and Betamethasone

NURSING INCO (9 decks)

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