Urinary System Flashcards
They filter your blood. They remove
wastes, control the body’s fluid balance, and keep
the right levels of electrolytes.
Kidney
shape of kidney
bean
Passageway of urine from kidney to
bladder
ureter
Uric acid crystals when urine becomes extremely
concentrated solutes
Renal Calculi (kidney stones)
Management of Renal Calculi (kidney stones)
surgery or lithotripsy
a hollow, muscular organ situated centrally in
the pelvis; it stores urine until it is convenient
to release it.
Urinary bladder
thin-walled tube that carries urine by peristalsis from
the bladder to the outside of the body
urethra
An involuntary sphincter that keeps the urethra
closed when urine in not being passed
Internal Urethral Sphincter
Fashioned by skeletal muscle as the urethra passes
through the pelvic floor. This sphincter is voluntary in
control
External Urethral Sphincter
reabsorb vital substances, remove
unwanted ones, and return the filtered blood back to
the body
kidneys
encloses the kidney/protects and acts as a barrier
renal capsule
indentation. a vertical slit on the medial border of the
kidney, which is bound by the thick lips of the renal
substance
hilum
is the entry and exit site for structures servicing the
kidneys: vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and
ureters
hilum
outer portion of kidney
renal cortex
inner portion of kidney
Renal medulla
Renal medulla has a triangular region with a
striped appearance that transport fluid into the kidney called
renal pyramid
a large cavity that collects the urine as it is produced
Renal Pelvis
is a fat-filled cavity in the middle of the kidney that
cushions important parts
renal sinus
junction between cortex and medulla/transport fluid into the kidney
renal pyramid
tip of pyramids/these are small cup-shaped
spaces that collect fluid before
it moves into the bladder.
calyx
Each of your kidneys is made up of about a million
filtering units called_______
nephrons
They filter the blood, reabsorb what the body needs,
and excrete the rest as urine.
nephrons
region of nephron that filters
the blood
Renal corpuscle
region of nephron thaat returns filtered
substances in the blood
Proximal convoluted
tubule
region of nephron that conserve
water and solutes
Loop of Henle
regions of nephrons that rids the blood of additional
wastes
Distal convoluted tubule
structure that contains a Bowman’s capsule and
glomerulus
Renal corpuscle
also has a structural function and creates a urinary space
through which filtrate can enter the nephron and pass to
the proximal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule (Glomerular capsule)
the fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries
filtrate
a network of capillaries twisted around each other like a ball
of yarn
Glomerulus
There are 3 main steps of urine formation.
1.Glomerular filtration
2.Reabsorption
3.Secretion
occurs in the glomerulus where blood is
filtered
Glomerular Filtration
A process where blood is filtered in such a way that all the constituents of the plasma reach the Bowman’s capsule, except proteins.
ultrafiltration
Around 99 per cent of the filtrate obtained is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.
reabsorption
It is 95% water and 5% waste products
Urine
Water intake is controlled by _____________
in thirst center
hypothalamus
For cells of the body to function properly, blood pH
must be maintained between ___________________.
7.35 and 7.45
Whenever the pH of arterial blood arises above 7.45, a
person is said to have _______
Alkalosis
A drop in arterial pH
to below 7.35 results in __________
Acidosis
excessive intake of sugary foods / Diabetes
Mellitus
glycosuria
excessive intake of sugary foods / Diabetes
Mellitus
glycosuria
physical exertion, pregnancy /
Glomerulonephritis, hypertension
Proteinuria
presence of pus (wbc and bacteria) / urinary tract
infection
Pyuria
blood in urine, bleeding in the urinary tract due to
trauma, kidney stones or infection
Hematuria
transfusion reaction, hemolytic anemia
Hemoglobinuria
liver disease / hepatitis
Bilirubinuria
