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Anatomy and Physiology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

They filter your blood. They remove
wastes, control the body’s fluid balance, and keep
the right levels of electrolytes.

A

Kidney

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2
Q

shape of kidney

A

bean

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3
Q

Passageway of urine from kidney to
bladder

A

ureter

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4
Q

Uric acid crystals when urine becomes extremely
concentrated solutes

A

Renal Calculi (kidney stones)

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5
Q

Management of Renal Calculi (kidney stones)

A

surgery or lithotripsy

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6
Q

a hollow, muscular organ situated centrally in
the pelvis; it stores urine until it is convenient
to release it.

A

Urinary bladder

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7
Q

thin-walled tube that carries urine by peristalsis from
the bladder to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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8
Q

An involuntary sphincter that keeps the urethra
closed when urine in not being passed

A

Internal Urethral Sphincter

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9
Q

Fashioned by skeletal muscle as the urethra passes
through the pelvic floor. This sphincter is voluntary in
control

A

External Urethral Sphincter

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10
Q

reabsorb vital substances, remove
unwanted ones, and return the filtered blood back to
the body

A

kidneys

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11
Q

encloses the kidney/protects and acts as a barrier

A

renal capsule

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12
Q

indentation. a vertical slit on the medial border of the
kidney, which is bound by the thick lips of the renal
substance

A

hilum

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13
Q

is the entry and exit site for structures servicing the
kidneys: vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and
ureters

A

hilum

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14
Q

outer portion of kidney

A

renal cortex

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15
Q

inner portion of kidney

A

Renal medulla

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16
Q

Renal medulla has a triangular region with a
striped appearance that transport fluid into the kidney called

A

renal pyramid

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17
Q

a large cavity that collects the urine as it is produced

A

Renal Pelvis

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18
Q

is a fat-filled cavity in the middle of the kidney that
cushions important parts

A

renal sinus

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19
Q

junction between cortex and medulla/transport fluid into the kidney

A

renal pyramid

20
Q

tip of pyramids/these are small cup-shaped
spaces that collect fluid before
it moves into the bladder.

A

calyx

21
Q

Each of your kidneys is made up of about a million
filtering units called_______

A

nephrons

22
Q

They filter the blood, reabsorb what the body needs,
and excrete the rest as urine.

A

nephrons

23
Q

region of nephron that filters
the blood

A

Renal corpuscle

24
Q

region of nephron thaat returns filtered
substances in the blood

A

Proximal convoluted
tubule

25
Q

region of nephron that conserve
water and solutes

A

Loop of Henle

26
Q

regions of nephrons that rids the blood of additional
wastes

A

Distal convoluted tubule

27
Q

structure that contains a Bowman’s capsule and
glomerulus

A

Renal corpuscle

28
Q

also has a structural function and creates a urinary space
through which filtrate can enter the nephron and pass to
the proximal convoluted tubule

A

Bowman’s capsule (Glomerular capsule)

29
Q

the fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries

A

filtrate

30
Q

a network of capillaries twisted around each other like a ball
of yarn

A

Glomerulus

31
Q

There are 3 main steps of urine formation.

A

1.Glomerular filtration
2.Reabsorption
3.Secretion

32
Q

occurs in the glomerulus where blood is
filtered

A

Glomerular Filtration

33
Q

A process where blood is filtered in such a way that all the constituents of the plasma reach the Bowman’s capsule, except proteins.

A

ultrafiltration

34
Q

Around 99 per cent of the filtrate obtained is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.

A

reabsorption

35
Q

It is 95% water and 5% waste products

A

Urine

36
Q

Water intake is controlled by _____________
in thirst center

A

hypothalamus

37
Q

For cells of the body to function properly, blood pH
must be maintained between ___________________.

A

7.35 and 7.45

38
Q

Whenever the pH of arterial blood arises above 7.45, a
person is said to have _______

A

Alkalosis

39
Q

A drop in arterial pH
to below 7.35 results in __________

A

Acidosis

40
Q

excessive intake of sugary foods / Diabetes
Mellitus

A

glycosuria

40
Q

excessive intake of sugary foods / Diabetes
Mellitus

A

glycosuria

41
Q

physical exertion, pregnancy /
Glomerulonephritis, hypertension

A

Proteinuria

42
Q

presence of pus (wbc and bacteria) / urinary tract
infection

A

Pyuria

43
Q

blood in urine, bleeding in the urinary tract due to
trauma, kidney stones or infection

A

Hematuria

44
Q

transfusion reaction, hemolytic anemia

A

Hemoglobinuria

45
Q

liver disease / hepatitis

A

Bilirubinuria

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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