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Anatomy and Physiology > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

3 Functions of the Lymphatic System

A

Fluid balance, Fat absorption, and defense

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2
Q

near internal opening of nasal cavity (adenoid)

A

pharyngeal tonsil

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3
Q

microorganisms and other foreign substances are filtered from lymph by lymph nodes and from blood by the spleen

A

defense

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4
Q

posterior surface of tongue

A

lingual tonsil

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5
Q

carries fluid in only one direction, that is from tissues to the blood vessels

A

lymphatic system

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6
Q

as blood passes from capillaries to interstitial space and to tissues, there is an excess of 3 liters of interstitial fluid left which needs to go back to circulation and prevent edema from occurring

A

fluid balance

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7
Q

form a protective ring of lymphatic tissue around nasal, oral cavities and the pharynx

A

tonsils

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8
Q

embedded throughout the body together with our blood vessels

A

lymphatic capillaries

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9
Q

These excess fluid travels back to the circulation via the lymphatic vessels

A

lymph

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10
Q

protect against pathogens and other potentially harmful materials entering the nose and mouth.

A

tonsils

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11
Q

empties into the right subclavian vein

A

right lymphatic duct

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12
Q

absorption of lipids and other substances from the linings of the digestive tract

A

fat/lipid absorption

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13
Q

removal of palatine tonsil

A

tonsillectomy

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14
Q

empties into the left subclavian vein

A

thoracic duct

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15
Q

absorption of lipids and other substances from the linings of the digestive tract is facilitated by lymphatic vessels called

A

lacteals

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16
Q

removal of pharyngeal tonsil

A

tonsil-adeinoidectomy

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17
Q

resemble small veins/
has one way valves

A

lymphatic vessel

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18
Q

fluid that enters lymphatic capillaries composed of water and some solutes

A

lymph

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19
Q

It is less often infected and difficult to remove

A

lingual tonsil

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20
Q

where lymphatic vessels from right upper limb and right head, neck, chest

A

right lymphatic duct

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21
Q

Carries fluid in one direction from tissues to circulatory system

A

lymphatic capillaries and vessels

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21
Q

3 superficial aggregations of lymph nodes

A

groin, armpit, and neck

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22
Q

on each side of oral cavity

A

palatine tonsil

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23
Q

tiny, closed-ended vessels

A

lymphatic capillaries

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24
Q

detect and respond to foreign substances

A

spleen

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25
Q

the body recognizes and destroys pathogens, but the response to them improves each time the pathogen is encountered

A

adaptive immunity

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26
Q

an accumulation of fluid, dead neutrophils, and other cells at the site of infection

A

pus

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27
Q

lymphatic tissue surrounding arteries

A

white pulp

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28
Q

involves B cells

A

antibody-mediated immunity

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29
Q

protect lymph in lymph nodes and blood in spleen and liver

A

macrophages

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30
Q

contains macrophages and red blood cells that connect to veins

A

red pulp

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31
Q

involves specific T Cells

A

cell-mediated immunity

32
Q

Appears in infected tissues after neutrophil and responsible for most of the phagocytic activities in the late stages of an infection

A

macrophage

33
Q

destroy old red blood cells

A

spleen

34
Q

First line of defense in innate immunity

A

physical barrier

35
Q

can release histamine that produce inflammatory response

A

basophil

36
Q

site for maturation of a class of lymphocytes called T-Cells

A

thymus gland

37
Q

chemicals that can kill microbes and prevent their entry into cells

A

chemical mediator

38
Q

proteins that protect against viral infections by stimulating surrounding cells to produce antiviral proteins

A

interferons

39
Q

ability to resist damage from pathogens

A

immunity

40
Q

found in tears and saliva to kill certain bacteria

A

lysozyme

41
Q

produce in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue and released in the blood that fight pathogens

A

white blood cells

42
Q

2 Types of immunity

A

innate and adaptive

43
Q

prevent entry of some pathogens

A

mucous membranes

44
Q

ingestion and destruction of particles of foreign substances

A

phagocytic cells

45
Q

the body recognizes and destroys certain pathogens, but the response to them is the same each time the body is exposed

A

innate immunity

46
Q

promote inflammation by causing vasodilation increasing vascular permeability

A

histamine, prostaglandins, kotrienes

47
Q

Small phagocytic WBC/ first to respond to enter infected tissues from the blood in large numbers. They release chemical signals that increase the inflammatory response by recruiting and activating other immune cells.

A

neutrophils

47
Q

red bone marrow giving rise to all blood cells

A

homopoietic stem cells

48
Q

increase so much that large amounts of fluid are lost from the blood into the tissues

A

vascular permeability

49
Q

can release leukotrienes that produce inflammatory response

A

mast cell

50
Q

participate in inflammation associated with allergies and asthma

A

eusinophil

51
Q

clinical expression of circulatory failure that results in inadequate cellular oxygen utilization

A

shock

52
Q

produce antibody molecules that can latch on and destroy invading viruses or bacteria.

A

B cells

53
Q

release chemicals that damage membranes and cause the cell to lyce

A

natural killer cells

54
Q

defense that involves specific recognition to a specific antigen

A

adaptive immunity

55
Q

direct fighters of foreign invaders and also produced cytokines, which are biological substances that help activate other parts of the immune system.

A

T cells

56
Q

involves chemical and cells due to injury

A

inflammatory response

57
Q

2 types of Adaptive Immunity

A

antibody-mediated immunity
cell-mediated immunity

58
Q

Inflammation response that is generally distributed throughout the body

A

systemic inflammation

58
Q

substance that stimulates immune response

A

antigen

59
Q

aided by interleukin II for T cells and MHC class II and helper T cells for B cells

A

lymphocyte proliferation

60
Q

produces and releases large numbers of neutrophils which produce phagocytosis

A

red bone marrow

61
Q

molecule produced by person’s body that stimulates immune system response

A

self antigen

62
Q

an immune response to non-self antigens from members of the same species

A

alloimmune

63
Q

chemicals released by microorganisms, neutrophils and other cells stimulate fever production

A

pyrogens

64
Q

Introduced from outside thee body. Microorganism (bacteria and virus), pollen, animal hair, drugs, and food that can cause allergic reaction

A

foreign antigen

65
Q

immunity where one’s own immune system is the cause of the immunity

A

active acquired immunity

66
Q

promotes the activities of the immune system such as phagocytosis, and inhibits the growth of some microorganisms

A

fever

67
Q

proteins the body produces in response to antigen

A

antibody

68
Q

immunity which occurs when another person or an animal develop immunity and this immunity is transferred to a non-immune individual

A

passive acquired immunity

69
Q

natural exposure to antigens causes production of antibodies

A

active naturally acquired immunity

70
Q

transfer of antibodies from mother to child

A

passive naturally acquired immunity

71
Q

injection of antigens using vaccines which cause the production of antibodies

A

active artificially acquired immunity

71
Q

injection of antibodies from another person or animal

A

passive artificially acquired immunity

72
Q

process of introducing killed, live, or inactivated pathogen

A

vaccination/ immunization

72
Q

at what age thymus gland decreases in size

A

60

73
Q

occurs with the help of antigen presenting cells like macrophages and major
histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A

antigen recognition

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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