Lymphatic System Flashcards
3 Functions of the Lymphatic System
Fluid balance, Fat absorption, and defense
near internal opening of nasal cavity (adenoid)
pharyngeal tonsil
microorganisms and other foreign substances are filtered from lymph by lymph nodes and from blood by the spleen
defense
posterior surface of tongue
lingual tonsil
carries fluid in only one direction, that is from tissues to the blood vessels
lymphatic system
as blood passes from capillaries to interstitial space and to tissues, there is an excess of 3 liters of interstitial fluid left which needs to go back to circulation and prevent edema from occurring
fluid balance
form a protective ring of lymphatic tissue around nasal, oral cavities and the pharynx
tonsils
embedded throughout the body together with our blood vessels
lymphatic capillaries
These excess fluid travels back to the circulation via the lymphatic vessels
lymph
protect against pathogens and other potentially harmful materials entering the nose and mouth.
tonsils
empties into the right subclavian vein
right lymphatic duct
absorption of lipids and other substances from the linings of the digestive tract
fat/lipid absorption
removal of palatine tonsil
tonsillectomy
empties into the left subclavian vein
thoracic duct
absorption of lipids and other substances from the linings of the digestive tract is facilitated by lymphatic vessels called
lacteals
removal of pharyngeal tonsil
tonsil-adeinoidectomy
resemble small veins/
has one way valves
lymphatic vessel
fluid that enters lymphatic capillaries composed of water and some solutes
lymph
It is less often infected and difficult to remove
lingual tonsil
where lymphatic vessels from right upper limb and right head, neck, chest
right lymphatic duct
Carries fluid in one direction from tissues to circulatory system
lymphatic capillaries and vessels
3 superficial aggregations of lymph nodes
groin, armpit, and neck
on each side of oral cavity
palatine tonsil
tiny, closed-ended vessels
lymphatic capillaries
detect and respond to foreign substances
spleen
the body recognizes and destroys pathogens, but the response to them improves each time the pathogen is encountered
adaptive immunity
an accumulation of fluid, dead neutrophils, and other cells at the site of infection
pus
lymphatic tissue surrounding arteries
white pulp
involves B cells
antibody-mediated immunity
protect lymph in lymph nodes and blood in spleen and liver
macrophages
contains macrophages and red blood cells that connect to veins
red pulp
involves specific T Cells
cell-mediated immunity
Appears in infected tissues after neutrophil and responsible for most of the phagocytic activities in the late stages of an infection
macrophage
destroy old red blood cells
spleen
First line of defense in innate immunity
physical barrier
can release histamine that produce inflammatory response
basophil
site for maturation of a class of lymphocytes called T-Cells
thymus gland
chemicals that can kill microbes and prevent their entry into cells
chemical mediator
proteins that protect against viral infections by stimulating surrounding cells to produce antiviral proteins
interferons
ability to resist damage from pathogens
immunity
found in tears and saliva to kill certain bacteria
lysozyme
produce in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue and released in the blood that fight pathogens
white blood cells
2 Types of immunity
innate and adaptive
prevent entry of some pathogens
mucous membranes
ingestion and destruction of particles of foreign substances
phagocytic cells
the body recognizes and destroys certain pathogens, but the response to them is the same each time the body is exposed
innate immunity
promote inflammation by causing vasodilation increasing vascular permeability
histamine, prostaglandins, kotrienes
Small phagocytic WBC/ first to respond to enter infected tissues from the blood in large numbers. They release chemical signals that increase the inflammatory response by recruiting and activating other immune cells.
neutrophils
red bone marrow giving rise to all blood cells
homopoietic stem cells
increase so much that large amounts of fluid are lost from the blood into the tissues
vascular permeability
can release leukotrienes that produce inflammatory response
mast cell
participate in inflammation associated with allergies and asthma
eusinophil
clinical expression of circulatory failure that results in inadequate cellular oxygen utilization
shock
produce antibody molecules that can latch on and destroy invading viruses or bacteria.
B cells
release chemicals that damage membranes and cause the cell to lyce
natural killer cells
defense that involves specific recognition to a specific antigen
adaptive immunity
direct fighters of foreign invaders and also produced cytokines, which are biological substances that help activate other parts of the immune system.
T cells
involves chemical and cells due to injury
inflammatory response
2 types of Adaptive Immunity
antibody-mediated immunity
cell-mediated immunity
Inflammation response that is generally distributed throughout the body
systemic inflammation
substance that stimulates immune response
antigen
aided by interleukin II for T cells and MHC class II and helper T cells for B cells
lymphocyte proliferation
produces and releases large numbers of neutrophils which produce phagocytosis
red bone marrow
molecule produced by person’s body that stimulates immune system response
self antigen
an immune response to non-self antigens from members of the same species
alloimmune
chemicals released by microorganisms, neutrophils and other cells stimulate fever production
pyrogens
Introduced from outside thee body. Microorganism (bacteria and virus), pollen, animal hair, drugs, and food that can cause allergic reaction
foreign antigen
immunity where one’s own immune system is the cause of the immunity
active acquired immunity
promotes the activities of the immune system such as phagocytosis, and inhibits the growth of some microorganisms
fever
proteins the body produces in response to antigen
antibody
immunity which occurs when another person or an animal develop immunity and this immunity is transferred to a non-immune individual
passive acquired immunity
natural exposure to antigens causes production of antibodies
active naturally acquired immunity
transfer of antibodies from mother to child
passive naturally acquired immunity
injection of antigens using vaccines which cause the production of antibodies
active artificially acquired immunity
injection of antibodies from another person or animal
passive artificially acquired immunity
process of introducing killed, live, or inactivated pathogen
vaccination/ immunization
at what age thymus gland decreases in size
60
occurs with the help of antigen presenting cells like macrophages and major
histocompatibility complex (MHC)
antigen recognition
