Digestive System Part II Flashcards
Major absorption of nutrients
Small Intestine
Length of small intestine
6 meters
contains bile and pancreatic ducts
Duodenum
2.5 meters long and absorbs nutrients
Jejunum
3.5 meters long
Ileum
2 accessory gland that produces secretions that
empty into the duodenum
LIVER AND PANCREAS
A connective tissue septum that separate left and right lobe
Falciform Ligament
Receives blood from hepatic artery
Porta
Processes nutrients and detoxifies harmful substances from the blood
Liver
gate where blood vessels, ducts, nerves enter and exit the liver
porta
a yellowish pigment that is made during the breakdown of red blood cells/ hemoglobin
Bilirubin
dilutes and neutralizes stomach acid and breaks down/emulsify fats
bile
the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine
Gallbladder
May form if the amount of cholesterol secreted by the liver becomes excessive and is not able to dissolve by the bile salts
Gallstones
A complex organ composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissue that perform several function/ Located behind the stomach
Pancreas
creates natural juices called pancreatic enzymes to break down foods
pancreas
absorb water from indigestible food
Large Intestine
joins small intestine at ileocecal junction
Cecum
is a small, thin pouch about 5 to 10cm (2 to 4 inches) long
Appendix
An inflammation of the appendix that usually occur because of an obstruction. Secretion from the appendix cannot pass the obstruction therefore they accumulate, causing enlargement and pain
Appendicitis
1.5 meters long /Store feces until they are eliminated by defecation
Colon
4 parts of colon
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon
straight tube that begins at sigmoid and ends at anal canal
Rectum
Begins at the inferior end of the rectum and ends at the anus/ last 2-3 cm of digestive tract
Anal canal
Enlarged or inflamed rectal, or hemorrhoidal veins that supply the anal canal.
Hemorrhoids
moves food through digestive tract includes swallowing and peristalsis
Propulsion
primarily in duodenum and jejunum of small intestine
Absorption
elimination of waste in the form of feces
Defecation
stored in adipose tissue and liver
Lipids
split into polypeptides by
enzymes secreted by stomach and
pancreas
Proteins
used to build new proteins
amino acids
can move across intestinal wall in
either direction
Water
actively transported across
wall of the small intestine
Minerals
