Digestive System I Flashcards
consumption of solid or liquid food
Ingestion
chewing
Mastication
movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other
Propulsion
movement of food back and forth in the digestive tract, which incorporates the digestive system’s many secretion into the food
Mixing
breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. Occurs through mechanical and chemical means
Digestion
addition of liquids, enzymes and mucus to the ingested food
Secretion
movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into blood or Lymphatic system
Absorption
removal of undigested material, such as fiber from food, plus other waste product from the body as feces
Elimination
innermost layer/secretes mucus
Mucosa
3 Layers of Mucosa
a. mucus epithelium
b. lamina propria
c. muscularis mucosae
loose connective tissue/ layer of Mucosa
lamina propria
innermost layer/ layer of Mucosa
mucus epithelium
thin outer layer of smooth muscle
muscularis mucosae
thin outer layer of smooth muscle
muscularis mucosae
just outside the mucosa or above mucosa; contains blood vessels, nerves, small glands
Submucosa
above submucosa
Muscularis
outermost layer
Serosa
smooth epithelial layer
Peritoneum
no peritoneum/ connective tissue
adventitia
The walls of the abdominal cavity and the abdominal organs
Peritoneum
serous membranes that covers the organs.
Parietal Peritoneum
membrane that covers the organs
Visceral Peritoneum
a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the peritoneal membrane
Peritonitis
connective tissue of organs in abdominal cavity
Mesenteries
Result from chemical irritation by substances like bile that escaped from thee digestive tract.
Peritonitis
mesentery connecting lesser curvature of stomach to liver and diaphragm
Lesser omentum
mesentery connecting greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon and posterior body wall
Greater omentum
Space between the lips or cheeks and the teeth
Oral Cavity
A muscular structure formed mostly by the orbicularis oris muscle
Lips
Form the lateral walls of the oral cavity
Cheeks
A mechanical digestion that breaks down large food particles into smaller ones
Mastication
located within the cheek which flatten the cheeks against the teeth
Buccinator muscles
A large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity
Tongue
a thin fold of tissue attached anterior to the floor of the mouth that helps to anchor your tongue in your mouth
Frenulum
How many teeth are there in a normal adult?
32
the most visible teeth in the human mouth, as they are the group of teeth in the very front.
Incisors
how many incisors are there in each person?
8
the four sharper, pointed teeth on each side of the incisors. Very similar to incisors in that they also help with biting and tearing food.
Canines
Also known as bicuspids, are located behind the canines and in front of the molars.
premolars
how many premolars are there in each person?
8
are very strong and are located in the farthest back part of the mouth. Its main purpose is to chew and crush food, and they are essential to eating in a normal manner.
Molars
otherwise known as wisdom teeth, are also considered to be molars, although many separate wisdom teeth into their own category
Third molars
also called milk teeth or baby teeth which are lost during childhood
Primary Teeth or Deciduous
or secondary teeth, it starts to develop in the jaws at birth and continue after a child is born
Permanent teeth
visible portion of the teeth
a Crown
small region between the crown and the tooth
Neck
largest region of the tooth and anchors
root
roof of oral cavity, separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and prevents food from passing into the nasal cavity during chewing and swallowing
Palate
Result from chemical irritation by substances like bile that escaped from thee digestive tract
Peritonitis
anterior part and contains bone
Hard palate
anterior part and contains bone
Hard palate
posterior part and consist of skeletal muscle and and connective tissue
Soft palate
posterior extension of the soft palate
Uvula
dissolve and moisten food
Salivary Glands
a mixture of serous (watery) and mucous fluids
saliva
salivary enzyme that breaks down
carbohydrates/starch
Salivary Amylase
salivary enzyme that breaks down
carbohydrates/starch
Salivary Amylase
salivary enzymes that prevent bacterial infection in the mouth when it the oral cavity is washed
Lysozyme
3 pairs of Salivary Glands
- Parotid glands
- Submandibular glands
- Sublingual glands
is inflammation of parotid gland caused by virus that makes cheeks large.________ adult male may involve the testes and can result to sterility
mumps
Throat/Connects mouth to esophagus
Pharynx
3 parts of pharynx
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
Tube that connects pharynx to stomach/Transport food to stomach
Esophagus
Regulate movement of the food into and out of the esophagus/ Located at the upper and lower ends of esophagus
Esophageal Sphincters
Lower esophageal sphincter is called
cardiac sphincter
A painful or burning sensation in the chest usually associated with an increase in gastric acid secretion and/or a back flush of acidic chyme into the esophagus
Heartburn
deglutition, involves the movement of substances from the mouth (oral cavity) to the stomach via the pharynx and esophagus
swallowing
bolus (mass of food) formed in mouth and pushed into oropharynx
Voluntary phase
swallowing reflex initiated when bolus stimulates receptors in oropharynx
Pharyngeal phase
moves food from pharynx to stomach
Esophageal phase
wave-like contractions moves food through digestive tract
Peristalsis
Storage tank for food/Can hold up to 2 liters of food
Stomach
Regions of the Stomach
1.Cardiac Part
2.Fundus
3.Body
4.Pyloric Part
a thick ring of smooth muscle
pyloric sphincter
large folds that allow stomach to stretch
Rugae
paste-like substance that forms when food
begins to be broken down
chyme
caused by strong contractions of the stomach when it’s empty
Hunger pangs
Produces a pH of 2.0 in the stomach that can kill microorganisms and activates the enzyme pepsin
Hydrochloric Acid
Breaks down proteins to form smaller peptide chains
Pepsin
Forms a thick layer which lubricates the epithelial cells of the stomach wall and protects them from the damaging effect of the acidic chyme and pepsin
Mucus
Binds with vitamin B12 and make it more readily absorbed in the small intestine
Intrinsic Factor
1st phase – brain phase of stomach secretion/
secretions are initiated by sight,
smell, taste, or food thought
Cephalic phase
1st phase – brain phase of stomach secretion/
secretions are initiated by sight,
smell, taste, or food thought
Cephalic phase
2nd phase
digested proteins and distention of stomach promote secretion
Gastric phase
3rd phase
acidic chyme stimulates neuronal reflexes and secretions of hormones that inhibit gastric secretions by negative feedback loops
Intestinal phase
weak contraction/thoroughly mix food to form chyme
Mixing waves
weak contraction/thoroughly mix food to form chyme
Mixing waves
stronger contraction/ force chyme toward and through pyloric sphincter
Peristaltic waves
stronger contraction/ force chyme toward and through pyloric sphincter
Peristaltic waves
stronger contraction/ force chyme toward and through pyloric sphincter
Peristaltic waves
