Digestive System I Flashcards
1
Q
consumption of solid or liquid food
A
Ingestion
2
Q
chewing
A
Mastication
3
Q
movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other
A
Propulsion
4
Q
movement of food back and forth in the digestive tract, which incorporates the digestive system’s many secretion into the food
A
Mixing
5
Q
breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. Occurs through mechanical and chemical means
A
Digestion
6
Q
addition of liquids, enzymes and mucus to the ingested food
A
Secretion
7
Q
movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into blood or Lymphatic system
A
Absorption
8
Q
removal of undigested material, such as fiber from food, plus other waste product from the body as feces
A
Elimination
9
Q
innermost layer/secretes mucus
A
Mucosa
10
Q
3 Layers of Mucosa
A
a. mucus epithelium
b. lamina propria
c. muscularis mucosae
11
Q
loose connective tissue/ layer of Mucosa
A
lamina propria
12
Q
innermost layer/ layer of Mucosa
A
mucus epithelium
13
Q
thin outer layer of smooth muscle
A
muscularis mucosae
13
Q
thin outer layer of smooth muscle
A
muscularis mucosae
14
Q
just outside the mucosa or above mucosa; contains blood vessels, nerves, small glands
A
Submucosa
15
Q
above submucosa
A
Muscularis
16
Q
outermost layer
A
Serosa
17
Q
smooth epithelial layer
A
Peritoneum
18
Q
no peritoneum/ connective tissue
A
adventitia
19
Q
The walls of the abdominal cavity and the abdominal organs
A
Peritoneum
20
Q
serous membranes that covers the organs.
A
Parietal Peritoneum
21
Q
membrane that covers the organs
A
Visceral Peritoneum
22
Q
a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the peritoneal membrane
A
Peritonitis
23
Q
connective tissue of organs in abdominal cavity
A
Mesenteries
24
Result from chemical irritation by substances like bile that escaped from thee digestive tract.
Peritonitis
25
mesentery connecting lesser curvature of stomach to liver and diaphragm
Lesser omentum
26
mesentery connecting greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon and posterior body wall
Greater omentum
27
Space between the lips or cheeks and the teeth
Oral Cavity
28
A muscular structure formed mostly by the orbicularis oris muscle
Lips
29
Form the lateral walls of the oral cavity
Cheeks
30
A mechanical digestion that breaks down large food particles into smaller ones
Mastication
31
located within the cheek which flatten the cheeks against the teeth
Buccinator muscles
32
A large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity
Tongue
33
a thin fold of tissue attached anterior to the floor of the mouth that helps to anchor your tongue in your mouth
Frenulum
34
How many teeth are there in a normal adult?
32
35
the most visible teeth in the human mouth, as they are the group of teeth in the very front.
Incisors
36
how many incisors are there in each person?
8
37
the four sharper, pointed teeth on each side of the incisors. Very similar to incisors in that they also help with biting and tearing food.
Canines
38
Also known as bicuspids, are located behind the canines and in front of the molars.
premolars
39
how many premolars are there in each person?
8
40
are very strong and are located in the farthest back part of the mouth. Its main purpose is to chew and crush food, and they are essential to eating in a normal manner.
Molars
41
otherwise known as wisdom teeth, are also considered to be molars, although many separate wisdom teeth into their own category
Third molars
42
also called milk teeth or baby teeth which are lost during childhood
Primary Teeth or Deciduous
43
or secondary teeth, it starts to develop in the jaws at birth and continue after a child is born
Permanent teeth
44
visible portion of the teeth
a Crown
45
small region between the crown and the tooth
Neck
46
largest region of the tooth and anchors
root
47
roof of oral cavity, separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and prevents food from passing into the nasal cavity during chewing and swallowing
Palate
48
Result from chemical irritation by substances like bile that escaped from thee digestive tract
Peritonitis
49
anterior part and contains bone
Hard palate
49
anterior part and contains bone
Hard palate
50
posterior part and consist of skeletal muscle and and connective tissue
Soft palate
51
posterior extension of the soft palate
Uvula
52
dissolve and moisten food
Salivary Glands
53
a mixture of serous (watery) and mucous fluids
saliva
54
salivary enzyme that breaks down
carbohydrates/starch
Salivary Amylase
54
salivary enzyme that breaks down
carbohydrates/starch
Salivary Amylase
55
salivary enzymes that prevent bacterial infection in the mouth when it the oral cavity is washed
Lysozyme
56
3 pairs of Salivary Glands
1. Parotid glands
2. Submandibular glands
3. Sublingual glands
57
is inflammation of parotid gland caused by virus that makes cheeks large.________ adult male may involve the testes and can result to sterility
mumps
58
Throat/Connects mouth to esophagus
Pharynx
59
3 parts of pharynx
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx
60
Tube that connects pharynx to stomach/Transport food to stomach
Esophagus
61
Regulate movement of the food into and out of the esophagus/ Located at the upper and lower ends of esophagus
Esophageal Sphincters
62
Lower esophageal sphincter is called
cardiac sphincter
63
A painful or burning sensation in the chest usually associated with an increase in gastric acid secretion and/or a back flush of acidic chyme into the esophagus
Heartburn
64
deglutition, involves the movement of substances from the mouth (oral cavity) to the stomach via the pharynx and esophagus
swallowing
65
bolus (mass of food) formed in mouth and pushed into oropharynx
Voluntary phase
66
swallowing reflex initiated when bolus stimulates receptors in oropharynx
Pharyngeal phase
67
moves food from pharynx to stomach
Esophageal phase
68
wave-like contractions moves food through digestive tract
Peristalsis
69
Storage tank for food/Can hold up to 2 liters of food
Stomach
70
Regions of the Stomach
1.Cardiac Part
2.Fundus
3.Body
4.Pyloric Part
71
a thick ring of smooth muscle
pyloric sphincter
72
large folds that allow stomach to stretch
Rugae
73
paste-like substance that forms when food
begins to be broken down
chyme
74
caused by strong contractions of the stomach when it's empty
Hunger pangs
75
Produces a pH of 2.0 in the stomach that can kill microorganisms and activates the enzyme pepsin
Hydrochloric Acid
76
Breaks down proteins to form smaller peptide chains
Pepsin
77
Forms a thick layer which lubricates the epithelial cells of the stomach wall and protects them from the damaging effect of the acidic chyme and pepsin
Mucus
78
Binds with vitamin B12 and make it more readily absorbed in the small intestine
Intrinsic Factor
79
1st phase – brain phase of stomach secretion/
secretions are initiated by sight,
smell, taste, or food thought
Cephalic phase
80
1st phase – brain phase of stomach secretion/
secretions are initiated by sight,
smell, taste, or food thought
Cephalic phase
81
2nd phase
digested proteins and distention of stomach promote secretion
Gastric phase
82
3rd phase
acidic chyme stimulates neuronal reflexes and secretions of hormones that inhibit gastric secretions by negative feedback loops
Intestinal phase
83
weak contraction/thoroughly mix food to form chyme
Mixing waves
83
weak contraction/thoroughly mix food to form chyme
Mixing waves
84
stronger contraction/ force chyme toward and through pyloric sphincter
Peristaltic waves
84
stronger contraction/ force chyme toward and through pyloric sphincter
Peristaltic waves
84
stronger contraction/ force chyme toward and through pyloric sphincter
Peristaltic waves
