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Anatomy and Physiology > Digestive System I > Flashcards

Digestive System I Flashcards

1
Q

consumption of solid or liquid food

A

Ingestion

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2
Q

chewing

A

Mastication

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3
Q

movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other

A

Propulsion

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4
Q

movement of food back and forth in the digestive tract, which incorporates the digestive system’s many secretion into the food

A

Mixing

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5
Q

breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. Occurs through mechanical and chemical means

A

Digestion

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6
Q

addition of liquids, enzymes and mucus to the ingested food

A

Secretion

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7
Q

movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into blood or Lymphatic system

A

Absorption

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8
Q

removal of undigested material, such as fiber from food, plus other waste product from the body as feces

A

Elimination

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9
Q

innermost layer/secretes mucus

A

Mucosa

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10
Q

3 Layers of Mucosa

A

a. mucus epithelium
b. lamina propria
c. muscularis mucosae

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11
Q

loose connective tissue/ layer of Mucosa

A

lamina propria

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12
Q

innermost layer/ layer of Mucosa

A

mucus epithelium

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13
Q

thin outer layer of smooth muscle

A

muscularis mucosae

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13
Q

thin outer layer of smooth muscle

A

muscularis mucosae

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14
Q

just outside the mucosa or above mucosa; contains blood vessels, nerves, small glands

A

Submucosa

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15
Q

above submucosa

A

Muscularis

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16
Q

outermost layer

A

Serosa

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17
Q

smooth epithelial layer

A

Peritoneum

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18
Q

no peritoneum/ connective tissue

A

adventitia

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19
Q

The walls of the abdominal cavity and the abdominal organs

A

Peritoneum

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20
Q

serous membranes that covers the organs.

A

Parietal Peritoneum

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21
Q

membrane that covers the organs

A

Visceral Peritoneum

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22
Q

a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the peritoneal membrane

A

Peritonitis

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23
Q

connective tissue of organs in abdominal cavity

A

Mesenteries

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24
Q

Result from chemical irritation by substances like bile that escaped from thee digestive tract.

A

Peritonitis

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25
Q

mesentery connecting lesser curvature of stomach to liver and diaphragm

A

Lesser omentum

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26
Q

mesentery connecting greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon and posterior body wall

A

Greater omentum

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27
Q

Space between the lips or cheeks and the teeth

A

Oral Cavity

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28
Q

A muscular structure formed mostly by the orbicularis oris muscle

A

Lips

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29
Q

Form the lateral walls of the oral cavity

A

Cheeks

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30
Q

A mechanical digestion that breaks down large food particles into smaller ones

A

Mastication

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31
Q

located within the cheek which flatten the cheeks against the teeth

A

Buccinator muscles

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32
Q

A large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity

A

Tongue

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33
Q

a thin fold of tissue attached anterior to the floor of the mouth that helps to anchor your tongue in your mouth

A

Frenulum

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34
Q

How many teeth are there in a normal adult?

A

32

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35
Q

the most visible teeth in the human mouth, as they are the group of teeth in the very front.

A

Incisors

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36
Q

how many incisors are there in each person?

A

8

37
Q

the four sharper, pointed teeth on each side of the incisors. Very similar to incisors in that they also help with biting and tearing food.

A

Canines

38
Q

Also known as bicuspids, are located behind the canines and in front of the molars.

A

premolars

39
Q

how many premolars are there in each person?

A

8

40
Q

are very strong and are located in the farthest back part of the mouth. Its main purpose is to chew and crush food, and they are essential to eating in a normal manner.

A

Molars

41
Q

otherwise known as wisdom teeth, are also considered to be molars, although many separate wisdom teeth into their own category

A

Third molars

42
Q

also called milk teeth or baby teeth which are lost during childhood

A

Primary Teeth or Deciduous

43
Q

or secondary teeth, it starts to develop in the jaws at birth and continue after a child is born

A

Permanent teeth

44
Q

visible portion of the teeth

A

a Crown

45
Q

small region between the crown and the tooth

A

Neck

46
Q

largest region of the tooth and anchors

A

root

47
Q

roof of oral cavity, separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and prevents food from passing into the nasal cavity during chewing and swallowing

A

Palate

48
Q

Result from chemical irritation by substances like bile that escaped from thee digestive tract

A

Peritonitis

49
Q

anterior part and contains bone

A

Hard palate

49
Q

anterior part and contains bone

A

Hard palate

50
Q

posterior part and consist of skeletal muscle and and connective tissue

A

Soft palate

51
Q

posterior extension of the soft palate

A

Uvula

52
Q

dissolve and moisten food

A

Salivary Glands

53
Q

a mixture of serous (watery) and mucous fluids

A

saliva

54
Q

salivary enzyme that breaks down
carbohydrates/starch

A

Salivary Amylase

54
Q

salivary enzyme that breaks down
carbohydrates/starch

A

Salivary Amylase

55
Q

salivary enzymes that prevent bacterial infection in the mouth when it the oral cavity is washed

A

Lysozyme

56
Q

3 pairs of Salivary Glands

A
  1. Parotid glands
  2. Submandibular glands
  3. Sublingual glands
57
Q

is inflammation of parotid gland caused by virus that makes cheeks large.________ adult male may involve the testes and can result to sterility

A

mumps

58
Q

Throat/Connects mouth to esophagus

A

Pharynx

59
Q

3 parts of pharynx

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
60
Q

Tube that connects pharynx to stomach/Transport food to stomach

A

Esophagus

61
Q

Regulate movement of the food into and out of the esophagus/ Located at the upper and lower ends of esophagus

A

Esophageal Sphincters

62
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter is called

A

cardiac sphincter

63
Q

A painful or burning sensation in the chest usually associated with an increase in gastric acid secretion and/or a back flush of acidic chyme into the esophagus

A

Heartburn

64
Q

deglutition, involves the movement of substances from the mouth (oral cavity) to the stomach via the pharynx and esophagus

A

swallowing

65
Q

bolus (mass of food) formed in mouth and pushed into oropharynx

A

Voluntary phase

66
Q

swallowing reflex initiated when bolus stimulates receptors in oropharynx

A

Pharyngeal phase

67
Q

moves food from pharynx to stomach

A

Esophageal phase

68
Q

wave-like contractions moves food through digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

69
Q

Storage tank for food/Can hold up to 2 liters of food

A

Stomach

70
Q

Regions of the Stomach

A

1.Cardiac Part
2.Fundus
3.Body
4.Pyloric Part

71
Q

a thick ring of smooth muscle

A

pyloric sphincter

72
Q

large folds that allow stomach to stretch

A

Rugae

73
Q

paste-like substance that forms when food
begins to be broken down

A

chyme

74
Q

caused by strong contractions of the stomach when it’s empty

A

Hunger pangs

75
Q

Produces a pH of 2.0 in the stomach that can kill microorganisms and activates the enzyme pepsin

A

Hydrochloric Acid

76
Q

Breaks down proteins to form smaller peptide chains

A

Pepsin

77
Q

Forms a thick layer which lubricates the epithelial cells of the stomach wall and protects them from the damaging effect of the acidic chyme and pepsin

A

Mucus

78
Q

Binds with vitamin B12 and make it more readily absorbed in the small intestine

A

Intrinsic Factor

79
Q

1st phase – brain phase of stomach secretion/
secretions are initiated by sight,
smell, taste, or food thought

A

Cephalic phase

80
Q

1st phase – brain phase of stomach secretion/
secretions are initiated by sight,
smell, taste, or food thought

A

Cephalic phase

81
Q

2nd phase
digested proteins and distention of stomach promote secretion

A

Gastric phase

82
Q

3rd phase
acidic chyme stimulates neuronal reflexes and secretions of hormones that inhibit gastric secretions by negative feedback loops

A

Intestinal phase

83
Q

weak contraction/thoroughly mix food to form chyme

A

Mixing waves

83
Q

weak contraction/thoroughly mix food to form chyme

A

Mixing waves

84
Q

stronger contraction/ force chyme toward and through pyloric sphincter

A

Peristaltic waves

84
Q

stronger contraction/ force chyme toward and through pyloric sphincter

A

Peristaltic waves

84
Q

stronger contraction/ force chyme toward and through pyloric sphincter

A

Peristaltic waves

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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