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Bio Exam 5 > URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of urinary system is:

A

Excretion of metabolic wastes and to maintain homeostasis of blood.

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2
Q

Excretion is:

A

the majority of the metabolic wastes removed from the

body is mainly due to the action of the kidneys.

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3
Q

Kidney function in urinary system:

A

main organ in the urinary system, produces urine.

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4
Q

Ureters function:

A

conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder by peristaltic contractions produced from contractions of smooth muscles in ureter wall

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5
Q

Urinary bladder functions:

A

stores urine until it is expelled from the body.

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6
Q

Urethra function:

A

small tube that extends from the urinary bladder to an external opening. In males the urethra also functions as a reproductive tract
organ.

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7
Q

_____ Filter waste from blood

A

Kidneys

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8
Q

Kidneys function in the Maintenance of ______ of the blood.

A

water-salt balance

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9
Q

____ Regulates blood pressure

A

kidneys

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10
Q

____ is responsible for Maintenance of acid-base balance of

the blood

A

Kidneys

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11
Q

Kidneys secrete the hormones:

A

Renin and Erythropoietin

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12
Q

The kidneys are located in this cavity:

  1. Cranial
  2. Thoracic
  3. Abdominal
  4. Pleural
A
  1. Abdominal
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13
Q

Each kidney has three regions what are they:

A
  1. Renal cortex
  2. Renal medulla
  3. Renal pelvis/sinus
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14
Q

____ is an outer granulated layer

A

Renal cortex

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15
Q

______ consists of cone-shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids

A

Renal Medulla

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16
Q

____ a central cavity that is continuous with the ureter

A

Renal Pelvis

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17
Q

____ is the functional units of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

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18
Q

Nephrons extend from the ______ into

the _____

A

Renal cortex, renal medulla

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19
Q

Parts of the Nephron

A
  1. The glomerulus
  2. The glomerular capsule
  3. Proximal convoluted tubule
  4. Loop of the nephron (Loop of Henle)
  5. Distal convoluted tubule
  6. The collecting Duct
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20
Q

______ is where fluid is filtered from blood

A

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

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21
Q

The glomerulus is _____

A

the network of capillaries

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22
Q

The glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule) surrounds the ____

A

glomerulus

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23
Q

The nephron performs three functions

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
24
Q

Glomerular filtration occurs as:

A

blood pressure forces water, ions, and other small molecules in the blood through the pores in the glomerulus and into the glomerular capsule

25
Q

The ____ passes into the proximal

convoluted tubule

A

The filtrate

26
Q

____ is where reabsorption of filtrate components occurs

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

27
Q

tubular secretion occurs in the ____

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

28
Q

______ consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb

A

Loop of the Nephron (Loop of Henle)

29
Q

_____ regulates osmotic balance

A. PCT
B. Loop of Nephron
C. DCT

A

B.

30
Q

_____ function is reabsorption of water and salts

A

Distal Convoluted tubule

31
Q

Collecting ducts function:

A

carry urine to the renal pelvis.

32
Q

Tubular reabsorption is when:

A

many molecules are
reabsorbed – transported from the lumen of the
tubule back into capillaries

33
Q

Tubular ______ is when substances are removed

from the blood and added to the tubular fluid

A

Secretion

34
Q

This structure conducts urine from the kidneys to the bladder

  1. Urethra
  2. Ureters
A
  1. Ureters
35
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

  1. Renal medulla
  2. Nephron
  3. Renal cortex
A
  1. Nephron
36
Q 
Diuretics \_\_\_\_\_(increase/decrease) urinary output, making 
more \_\_\_\_\_ (dilute/concentrated) urine
A

increase, dilute

37
Q

Examples of diuretics:

A

Caffeine
Lasix
Alcohol

38
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) makes more _____ urine

A

concentrated

39
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ____ your blood pressure and volume

A

Increase

40
Q

Aldosterone makes more _____ urine

A

concentrated

41
Q

Aldosterone ______ blood pressure and volume

A

increases

42
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) makes more _____ urine

A

dilute

43
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) _____ blood pressure and volume

A

decreases

44
Q

Renin function:

A

Increases blood pressure by triggering the release of aldosterone by
the adrenal cortex

45
Q

Does renin increase or decrease blood pressure?

A

Increase

46
Q

Erythropoietin functions:

A

speeds up the maturation process of RBCs, target = stem cells in bone marrow

47
Q

Kidney’s role in Acid-Base Balance:

A

H+ is secreted into the tubules and bicarbonate is reabsorbed out of the tubules

48
Q

Kidney’s role in Salt-Water Balance:

A

The kidneys reabsorb salt and water, maintaining osmotic balance in the blood, this also affects blood pressure

49
Q

The urine goes from the _______ into the _____ then to the ____ where it is stored until it can be released through the ______.

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

50
Q

Urination is controlled by both ______ and ______ actions

A

voluntary and involuntary actions

51
Q

When the bladder fills to about 250ml of urine then the motor nerve impulses cause the ______ to contract and the ______ to relax so that urination is possible.

A

bladder, sphincters

52
Q 
What hormone is secreted by the kidneys to 
increase blood pressure:
1. ADH
2. Renin
3. Aldersterone
4. Erythropoietin
A
  1. Renin
53
Q

Which structure conducts urine from the bladder to an external opening (outside the body)?

Ureter
Urethra

A

Urethra

54
Q

Which of the following hormones reduces blood pressure?

ANP
Aldosterone
Renin
AD

A

ANP

55
Q

When molecules or ions are transported from the lumen of the tubule into capillaries, this is

Glomerular filtration
Tubular secretion
Tubular reabsorption

A

Tubular reabsorption

Bio Exam 5 (5 decks)

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