Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio Exam 5 > CELL DIVISION > Flashcards

CELL DIVISION Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which type of cytoskeleton organizes the chromosomes and splits them in half?
A. Microfilaments
B. Microtubules
C. Intermediate filaments

A

B. Microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of cytoskeleton splits the cell in half?
A. Microfilaments
B. Microtubules
C. Intermediate filaments

A

A. Microfilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Microtubule-organizing center?

  1. Chromatins
  2. Centromeres
  3. Centrosomes
  4. Kinetochores
  5. Myofilaments
A
  1. Centrosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Microtubule-organizing centers have two

  1. Centrioles
  2. Chromatins
  3. Centromeres
  4. Kinetochores
A
  1. Centrioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type of cytoskeleton makes up centrioles?
A. Microfilaments
B. Microtubules
C. Intermediate filaments

A

B. Microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is DNA plus the proteins?

  1. Chromatin
  2. Centromeres
  3. Centrosomes
  4. Kinetochores
  5. Myofilaments
A
  1. Chromatin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The process of cell division starts with _______-

A

DNA replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During Replication DNA is:

A

Duplicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens during mitosis?

A

The two quantities of DNA are moved to opposite sides of the parent cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens during cytokinesis:

A

The parent cell splits into two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chromosomes are made of ______

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DNA contains the code that makes ______

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does DNA replicate?

A

Just prior to cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cells need to divide for :

A

organisms to grow or to replace old cells, or for one celled organisms to reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DNA is wound up in coils and folded to form ______

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When the DNA replicates it forms a chromosome in a “______ state”

A

“duplicated state”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This “duplicated state” has two strands: each strand is called a ______

A

chromatid – they are “sister chromatids”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

centromere is where:

A

Where the chromatids are held together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

After DNA replication each chromosome will be made of ______

A

two sister chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

These are two chromosomes, each with two _____

A

chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens in gap one of interphase:

A

cell growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase:

A

DNA Replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens during gap 2 of interphase:

A

cell growth, preparation for division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens in the M phase (Mitotic phase) of interphase?

A

Mitosis: division of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens during cytokinesis:

A

division of cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Two main phases of cell division:

A

Interphase and Mitotic phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Interphase prepares for ______

A

cell division and DNA is replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mitotic phase:

A

Chromosomes separate and cell divides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In an average animal cell the cell cycle takes about ____ hours

A

24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Mitosis take only about___ min

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Most of the time of cell division is spent in ___ which is where the cell grows in size – 12 hours

A

G1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Interphase During this phase:

A 
The cell grows
Makes new cellular components 
DNA is replicated
Check points will stop cell division if 
there is a problem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When the check points in Interphase don’t work properly what happens?

A

the cell divides when it should not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What happens at the end of Interphase:

A

DNA has replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Mitosis is divided into four phases:

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What happens during Prophase:

A
  1. Chromosomes condense
  2. Nuclear membrane breaks down
  3. The centrosomes (each centrosome has two centrioles) begin to move to opposite ends of cell
  4. Microtubules form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

During Metaphase Microtubules (mitotic spindles) attach to the
_____

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

During Metaphase: the microtubules line up

the _____ at the ____

A

the chromosomes at the center of the cell (the equator)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

During Prophase _____ begins

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Metaphase is the stage of _____ and ______

A

linkage and alignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Anaphase is the stage of ______

A

Seperation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

During Anaphase _____ are pulled apart by the _____

A

Sister chromatids, microtubles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

During Anaphase Chromatids move toward the ______. Now the chromatids are called ______

A

poles, chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Telophase and cytokinesis are the ____ stage

A

exit from mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

During telophase The chromosomes begin to _____

A

uncondense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

During telophase _______ forms

A

Nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

During telophase the Cell begins to :

A

divide in half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

One cell becomes two at the completion of what stage?

A

Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

During cytokinesis Actin microfilaments_____

A

form pinch the cell in the center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

During cytokinesis The cell :

A

divides completely forming two separate cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Where does DNA replication take place?

  1. Cytosol
  2. Nucleus
A
  1. Nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

When does DNA replication take place?

  1. Metaphase
  2. Anaphase
  3. Prophase
  4. Telophase
  5. Interphase
A
  1. Interphase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q 
During this stage the nuclear membrane 
breaks down
1. Metaphase
2. Anaphase
3. Prophase
4. Telophase
A
  1. Prophase
54
Q 
During this stage chromosomes line up at 
the equator
1. Metaphase
2. Anaphase
3. Prophase
4. Telophase
A
  1. Metaphase
55
Q

During this stage the chromosomes begin to uncondense

  1. Metaphase
  2. Anaphase
  3. Prophase
  4. Telophase
A
  1. Telophase
56
Q 
What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
A. Chromosome pairs separate
B. Sister chromatids separate
C. Chromosomes condense
D. Nuclear envelope reforms
A

B. Sister chromatids separate

57
Q

At the end of Mitosis how many cells are there?

  1. One
  2. Two
  3. Three
  4. Four
A
  1. Two
58
Q

At the end of Mitosis, how many chromosomes are there in each cell?

  1. 23 chromosomes
  2. 46 chromosomes
A
  1. 46 chromosomes
59
Q

At the end of Mitosis, chromosomes are:

  1. duplicated
  2. unduplicated
A
  1. unduplicated
60
Q

Each daughter new cell has 46 ____ (duplicated/unduplicated) cells

A

Unduplicated

61
Q

Mitosis occurs in all the body’s cells except the cells that :

A

are responsible for reproduction

62
Q

Gametes: are the cells that are responsible for _______

A

reproduction

63
Q

All the rest of the body’s cells are _______

A

somatic cells

64
Q

gametes undergo _______

A

meiosis

65
Q

Remember that we have_____- pairs of chromosomes = ____chromosomes

A

23, 46

66
Q

If gametes (sperm and egg) combined with all these chromosomes then the offspring will have _____ chromosomes

A

92

67
Q

Before the gametes come together they need to _______

A

reduce their number of chromosomes in half.

68
Q

So instead of 23 pairs (46 chromosomes) gametes need to have _____ chromosomes total

A

23

69
Q

The answer to the gametes problem of having too many chromosomes is _____

A

meiosis –halving their number of chromosomes

70
Q

Meiosis is the process of _____ the chromosomes

A

halving the chromosomes

71
Q

Do males or females have the XX chromosome?

A

Females, males have the XY

72
Q

Diploid = cells that have

A

46 chromosomes or 23 pairs, all somatic cells are diploid (2n)

73
Q

all somatic cells are ______

A

diploid (2n)

74
Q

Haploid = cells that have

A

23 chromosomes, gametes are haploid (1n)

75
Q

gametes are _______

A

haploid (1n)

76
Q

Meiosis is when a :

A

diploid cell divides to produce haploid reproductive cells

77
Q

In meiosis, first the chromosomes (DNA) are duplicated during _____

A

Interphase

78
Q

In Meiosis there are _____ cell divisions

A

two

79
Q

What happens during the 1st cell division of meiosis?

A

the chromosome pairs separate and the cell divides

80
Q

What happens during the second cell division?

A

chromatids separate and cell divide

81
Q

How many haploid cells come out of the 1st meiosis division?

A

2

82
Q

How many haploid cells come out of the 2nd meiosis division?

A

4

83
Q

Remember Meiosis happens to form _______

A

gametes

84
Q

The cells that produce the gametes start out ____ before meiosis, and will end up _____

A

diploid, haploid

85
Q

There are _____ stages of Meiosis

A

two

86
Q

Each Stage of Meiosis has _____, _______, _______, ________

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

87
Q

crossing over definition:

A

genetic material is exchanged between the homologous chromosomes

88
Q

Prophase I: Duplicated chromosomes condense and intertwine – this produces _______

A

genetic variation

89
Q

During prophase I __________ begins to break down

A

Nuclear membrane begins to break down

90
Q

Microtubules form during :

A

Prophase I

91
Q

Crossover occurs during :

A

Prophase I

92
Q

During ________: The microtubles line up the chromosomes at the center of the cell (the equator)

A

metaphase I

93
Q

independent assortment=

A

The chromosomes arrange themselves randomly – this also gives genetic variation

94
Q

During Anaphase I:

A

chromosomes in the pairs are separated

95
Q

During Telophase I:

A
  1. Nuclear membrane forms

2. Cell divides in half

96
Q

During telophase I, The chromosomes are in the ________ (duplicated/unduplicated) form

A

duplicated

97
Q

Prophase II: The 23 chromosomes are already condensed. The _________ dissolves.

A

Nuclear membrane

98
Q

Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up at the _______

A

equator

99
Q

During Anaphase II:

A

Chromatids separate

100
Q

During Telophase II:

A

Cells separate

101
Q

At the end of Meiosis II, there are _____ haploid cells: each has _____
chromosomes, not in the ______ (duplicated/unduplicated) state

A

four, 23, duplicated

102
Q 
At the end of Meiosis I how many cells are 
there?
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
A
  1. Two
103
Q

At the end of Meiosis I are these cells haploid or diploid?

  1. Haploid
  2. Diploid
A
  1. Haploid
104
Q

At the start of Meiosis I, how many
chromosomes are there in each cell?
1. 23
2. 46

A
  1. 46
105
Q

At the start of Meiosis I, are the chromosomes in the duplicated state?

  1. Yes
  2. No
A
  1. Yes
106
Q

At the end of Meiosis I are these cells haploid or diploid?

  1. Haploid
  2. Diploid
A
  1. Haploid
107
Q

At the end of Meiosis I, how many
chromosomes are there in each cell?
1. 23
2. 46

A
  1. 23
108
Q

At the end of Meiosis I, are the chromosomes in the duplicated state?

  1. Yes
  2. No
A
  1. Yes
109
Q 
At the end of Meiosis II how many cells are 
there?
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
A
  1. Four
110
Q

At the end of Meiosis II are these cells haploid or diploid?

  1. Haploid
  2. Diploid
A
  1. Haploid
111
Q

At the end of Meiosis II, how many chromosomes are there in each cell?

  1. 23 chromosomes
  2. 46 chromosomes
A
  1. 23 chromosomes
112
Q

At the end of Meiosis II, are the
chromosomes in the duplicated state?
1. Yes
2. No

A
  1. No
113
Q 
What happens during anaphase of meiosis I?
A. Chromosome pairs separate
B. Sister chromatids separate
C. Chromosomes condense
D. Nuclear envelope reforms
A

A. Chromosome pairs separate

114
Q 
What happens during anaphase of meiosis II?
A. Chromosome pairs separate
B. Sister chromatids separate
C. Chromosomes condense
D. Nuclear envelope reforms
A

B. Sister chromatids separate

115
Q

What are the two places in meiosis that contribute to the genetic diversity of an offspring?

A

 Prophase I: The pairs of chromosomes crossing over.

 Metaphase I: The way the chromosomes line up on the equator is random = independent assortment

116
Q

Eggs will contain a _____ chromosome

A

X chromosome

117
Q

Sperms will contain _______ chromosome

A

either a X or a Y

118
Q

In the male testes sperm are produced. One cell produces ___ sperm.

A

4 sperm

119
Q

Each sperm has ___ chromosomes, they are not in the ______ form

A

23, duplicated

120
Q

The heads of the sperm contain the _____ and ______ to power the flagella

A

chromosomes and lots of mitochondria

121
Q

About ______ million sperm are produced each day

A

400 million

122
Q

One cell will produce one egg and three non-

functioning “______”

A

“polar bodies”

123
Q

All of the cells that produce the eggs are made :

A

before the female mother is even born.

124
Q

Each month one of these cells will leave the ovary and go on to mature – and produce the ______ and _______

A

egg and polar bodies

125
Q

Mitosis and Meiosis both start with a _______ cell

A

diploid

126
Q

Before both Mitosis and Meiosis the DNA replicates, forming ________

A

duplicated chromosomes, each containing two chromatids

127
Q

During Mitosis The chromatids are separated to produce two cells, each with 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs of ______ (non duplicated/duplicated) chromosomes

A

non duplicated

128
Q

Meiosis I: the pairs of ______- line up and the ______ are separated, resulting in 2 cells, each with 23 chromosomes, in the duplicated state

A

chromosomes, chromosomes

129
Q

Meiosis II: The ______ are separated producing two haploid cells that contain 23 non duplicated chromosomes

A

chromatids

130
Q

One original cell produces ______ haploid cells

A

four

Bio Exam 5 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions