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Bio Exam 5 > REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Gonads = ______ and ______

A

testes or ovaries

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2
Q

Gonads functions

A

Produce gametes = sperm or eggs

Produce hormones: Testes produce testosterone and Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone

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3
Q

When sperm and egg fuse = _______

A

fertilization

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4
Q

The result of fertilization is a ______

A

zygote

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5
Q

In males, the sperm begin their development in

the _______

A

testes.

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6
Q

Sperm undergo further development in the ______

A

epididymis

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7
Q

The sperm will travel through the ______ then through the ____ and out of the body = _______.

A

vas deferens, urethra, ejaculation.

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8
Q

Along the way from the testes to the urethra,
fluid is secreted. The fluid and the sperm
together is called ______

A

semen.

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9
Q

Testes (testis, singular) Produce _______

A

sperm and testosterone

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10
Q

The testes are contained in a sac, the

_____, surrounded by muscle

A

scrotum

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11
Q

The testes are comprised of many tubes called _______

A

seminiferous tubules.

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12
Q

Interstitial cells are located between ________

A

the seminiferous tubules, these cells produce testosterone

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13
Q

Interstitial cells produce:

A

produce testosterone

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14
Q

Sperm mature and are stored here

A

Epididymis:

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15
Q

_____ conducts sperm from epididymis to the urethra.

A

Vas deferens

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16
Q

_____ conducts sperm or urine out of the body through the penis

A

Urethra

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17
Q

______ male organ for intercourse and urination

A

Penis

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18
Q

Prostate is :

A

gland that secretes fluid that makes
semen alkaline, activates the sperm and
makes them motile

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19
Q

Seminal vesicles are:

A

gland that secretes fluid that
makes up most of the volume of the semen.
The fluid contains sugar, amino acids, and
prostaglandins.

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20
Q

Bulbourethral glands are:

A

glands that secretes fluid before ejaculation, this fluid lubricates the urethra, and rinse the acidic urine from the urethra

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21
Q

Which hormone is responsible for sperm
production
A. FSH
B. LH

A

A. FSH

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22
Q

Which gland produces FSH and LH

  1. Anterior Pituitary
  2. Posterior Pituitary
  3. Hypothalamus
  4. Adrenal Cortex
A
  1. Anterior Pituitary
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23
Q 
What is the target of FSH in men?
A. Interstitial cells
B. Seminiferous tubules
C. Seminal vesicles
D. Vas deferens
E. scrotum
A

B. Seminiferous tubules

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24
Q

The sperm begin their development in the

  1. Vas deferens
  2. Testes
  3. Epididymis
  4. Urethra
A
  1. Testes
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25
Q

They undergo further development in the

  1. Vas deferens
  2. Testes
  3. Epididymis
  4. Urethra
A
  1. Epididymis
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26
Q 
The gland that secretes fluid that makes up 
most of the volume of the semen it the:
1. Vas deferens
2. Testes
3. Seminal vesicles
4. Prostate
A
  1. Seminal vesicles
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27
Q 
The gland that secretes fluid that makes the 
semen alkaline (more basic) is:
1. Vas deferens
2. Testes
3. Seminal vesicles
4. Prostate
A
  1. Prostate
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28
Q

Diploid cells have this many chromosomes:

  1. 23
  2. 46
A
  1. 46
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29
Q

When a diploid cell undergoes mitosis, the result is a:

  1. Diploid cell
  2. Haploid cell
A
  1. Diploid cell
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30
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs in the _____

A

outer layer of the seminiferous tubules

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31
Q

The process of spermatogenesis begins with diploid cells called _____

A

spermatogonia.

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32
Q

Spermatogonia undergo _____ to divide into two cells

A

mitosis

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33
Q

One of these cells will stay a spermatogonia, the

other cell will become a _______

A

primary spermatocyte

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34
Q

The primary spermatocyte will undergo ____ to create ____ secondary spermatocytes

A

meiosis I ,two

35
Q

The secondary spermatocytes undergo _____ to create ____ sperm

A

meiosis II, four

36
Q

Which cells undergo mitosis?
A. primary spermatocyte
B. The secondary spermatocytes
C. spermatogonia

A

C. spermatogonia

37
Q

Which cells will divide to give rise to sperm?
A. primary spermatocyte
B. The secondary spermatocytes
C. spermatogonia

A

B. The secondary spermatocytes

38
Q

The mature sperm cell has three regions:

A

Head, Midpiece, Tail

39
Q

Head of the sperm contains:

A

contains the DNA, coated with the acrosome

40
Q

midpiece of the sperm contains:

A

contains high concentration of mitochondria

41
Q

Tail of the sperm functions as the _____

A

flagella for movement

42
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Produced and released by the ______

A

anterior pituitary

43
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Target:

A

stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone.

44
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Produced and released by the :

A

anterior pituitary

45
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Target:

A

Stimulates cells in the seminiferous tubules to aid in the production of sperm.

46
Q

_______ is produced by the interstitial cells of the testes

A

Testosterone

47
Q

Testosterone Function -

A

essential for normal development and
functioning of the male reproductive organs and
sperm.

48
Q

Females not only produce the egg, they also carry the ______

A

developing embryo

49
Q

______ control the development of the egg and the preparation of uterus to support the embryo (ovarian and uterine cycles)

A

Hormones

50
Q

As a fetus, diploid oogonia cells begin mitosis to form _____

A

primary oocytes

51
Q

The oocytes are suspended in _____

A

Prophase I

52
Q

Each month a few oocytes finish meiosis I and develop into a ______

A

secondary oocyte

53
Q

Secondary oocyte stay at_____ in the metaphase stage

until the sperm fertilizes the oocyte

A

meiosis II

54
Q

Oogenesis – egg development

A

 A woman is born with all the oocytes she will
ever have (millions).
 As a fetus, diploid oogonia cells begin mitosis
to form primary oocytes
 The oocytes are suspended in Prophase I
 Each month a few oocytes finish meiosis I and
develop into a secondary oocyte
 They stay at meiosis II in the metaphase stage
until the sperm fertilizes the oocyte

55
Q

Ovaries function:

A

produce eggs (ova) and female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone

56
Q

The cells that will become ova (eggs) are called _____

A

oocytes.

57
Q

The oocytes are contained in a female’s _____ inside a _____

A

ovaries, follicle.

58
Q

Follicles are groups of cells that :

A

support the oocytes.

59
Q

FSH in women travels to the ovaries where it promotes the development of the_____

A

follicles.

60
Q

As the follicle develops it produces _____

A

estrogen

61
Q

Approximately every ____ days an oocyte will

leave the ovary = ovulation.

A

28 days

62
Q

Approximately every 28 days an oocyte will

leave the ovary = _____

A

ovulation.

63
Q

The follicle stays in the ovary after ovulation, and is now called the _____

A

corpus luteum.

64
Q

Where does the follicle stay after ovulation?

A

Ovary

65
Q

LH is produced by the anterior pituitary,

promotes:

A

the development of the corpus luteum.

66
Q

The corpus luteum releases ____ and _____ to help support the uterus in preparation for the embryo

A

estrogen and progesterone

67
Q

If there is a pregnancy, then the corpus luteum will
be maintained by a hormone secreted by the
embryo = _____

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

68
Q

If there is no pregnancy, corpus luteum will ______

A

degenerate

69
Q

Oviducts functions-

A

Conducts egg, where fertilization usually occurs.

70
Q

Uterus functions -

A

the developing embryo implants in the endometrium, this is where fetus
develops.

71
Q

Implantation usually occurs about _____ days after fertilization, pregnancy begins at implantation.

A

6 days

72
Q

LH travels to the ovaries where it __________

A

triggers ovulation and it promotes the development of the corpus luteum

73
Q

What reproductive organ conducts the egg from the ovary to the uterus

  1. Cervix
  2. Oviducts
  3. Vagina
  4. Vas deferens
A
  1. Oviducts
74
Q

Where does fertilization usually occur?

  1. Ovaries
  2. Oviducts
  3. Vagina
  4. Uterus
A
  1. Oviducts
75
Q

What is the target of LH in women

  1. endometrium
  2. follicle
  3. corpus luteum
  4. oocyte
A
  1. corpus luteum
76
Q

The layers of cells that surround and support the oocytes are

  1. Oogonia
  2. Spermatocytes
  3. Follicles
  4. Cervix
A
  1. Follicles
77
Q

What is the target of FSH in females

  1. Oogonia
  2. uterus
  3. Follicles
  4. Cervix
  5. Uterine tubes
A
  1. Follicles
78
Q

Females release _____ oocyte per month

A

one

79
Q

Males release an average of ______ million sperm per ejaculation.

A

200

80
Q

When the first sperm enters the egg, it

triggers the egg to :

A

put up a protective barrier to prevent other sperm from entering the egg.

81
Q

Pregnancy - begins when implantation occurs

usually on the _____ day after fertilization.

A

sixth

82
Q

Cervix function

A

opening to uterus, dilates to let the fetus pass through.

83
Q

Vagina functions

A

birth canal and intercourse organ of the female.

84
Q

Breasts functions:

A

produce milk to feed infant

Bio Exam 5 (5 decks)

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