urinary system 1 Flashcards
function of the urinary system?
filter waste and foreign products from the blood and remove it from the body
how the urinary system contributes to homeostasis?
Blood parameters; composition, osmolarity, pH, volume and pressure
Hormone production
list the 4 organs and their functions
Kidneys: Regulates blood volume and composition, blood pressure, pH and glucose levels. Produces the hormones calcitriol and erythropoietin and excretes waste in urine.
Ureters: Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder.
Urinary bladder: Stores urine and expels it into the urethra.
Urethra: Discharges urine from the body.
functions of the kidneys
Regulation of blood ionic composition: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and HPO42-
Regulation of blood pH, osmolarity and glucose
Regulation of blood volume: conserving or eliminating water
Regulation of blood pressure: secreting the enzyme renin and adjusting renal resistance
Release of erythropoietin and calcitriol
Excretion of wastes and foreign substances
name the 3 layers of the kidneys on order
outer - renal fascia
middle - adipose capsule
inner - renal capsule
name the 2 zones of the kidney
renal cortex (outer) renal medulla (inner)
which parts of the kidney comprise the parenchyma?
the renal cortex and renal pyramids of the renal medulla
what is a nephron?
Nephron are the functioning unit of the kidneys, they are microscopic structures within the parenchyma responsible for the formation of blood-filtered fluid (filtrate).
where do papillary ducts drain to?
major and minor calyx (calyces)
what do the calyces do?
A minor calyx receives urine from the papillary ducts of one renal papilla and delivers it to a major calyx. Once the filtrate enters the calyces it becomes urine because no further reabsorption can occur as the simple epithelium of the nephron and ducts becomes transitional epithelium in the calyces.
where does filtration of blood occur?
in the glomerulus
what is the glomerulus?
a ball-shaped tangle of arterioles; afferent arterioles enter and efferent arterioles exit
what do the efferent arterioles become?
the peritubular capillaries
what do vasa recta do?
supply the tubular parts in the adrenal medulla
3 basic functions of a nephron?
Glomerular filtration: the first step in urine production whereby water and most solutes in blood plasma move across glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule.
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
