2- Cardiovascular system Heart1

Question 1

Name three layers of heart wall

Answer 1

Epicardium (the outer layer closest to the pericardium)
Myocardium (middle layer)
Endocardium (deepest layer)

Question 2

Name the 2 layers of the pericardium

Answer 2

fibrous pericardium

serous pericardium

Question 3

Name the 2 layers of the serous pericardium

Answer 3

Parietal layer - The outer layer​

Visceral layer - The major inner layer​ also known as the Epicardium

Question 4

Which layer forms the surface of the valves?

Answer 4

Endocardium

Question 5

What is the interatrial septum?

Answer 5

A dense, fibrous connective tissue that divides the atriums

Question 6

The right atrium receives blood from how many different veins?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

Name the 3 veins that return blood to the heart via the right atrium

Answer 7

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

Question 8

The left atrium receives blood from..?

Answer 8

The lungs via 4 pulmonary veins (2 right and 2 left)​.

Question 9

3 components of the right ventricle?

Answer 9

Papillary muscles
Trabeculae carneae (cone-shaped raised bundles of cardiac muscle)​
Chordae tendineae (cords between valve cusps and papillary muscles​)

Question 10

What forms the apex of the heart?

Answer 10

The left ventricle

Question 11

Name the 3 sulci of the heart

Answer 11

The coronary sulcus (boundary between the atria and the ventricles)

The anterior interventricular sulcus (boundary between the ventricles anteriorly)

The posterior interventricular sulcus (boundary between the ventricles posteriorly)

Question 12

Are the left or right ventricle walls thicker with myocardium? Why?

Answer 12

Left - it pumps to the whole body

right only pumps to lungs=less resistance

Question 13

Name the 2 Atrioventricular (AV) valves (connect the atrium to the ventricles)

Answer 13

Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)

Mitral/bicuspid valve (left atrioventricular valve)

Question 14

Name the 2 Semilunar valves (located between the ventricles and their corresponding artery)

Answer 14

Pulmonary valve -between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Aortic valve -between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Question 15

Atrioventricular (AV) valves allow blood to flow from where to where?

Answer 15

from the atria into the ventricles, when ventricular pressure is lower than atrial pressure

Question 16

What makes semilunar valves open?

Answer 16

Ventricular contraction

Question 17

Name the 2 closed circuits of blood circulation

Answer 17

Pulmonary and systemic

Question 18

Do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 18

Oxygenated

Question 19

Do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 19

Deoxygenated

Question 20

Name cardiac muscle cells that are self-excitable

Answer 20

Autorhythmic fibres

Question 21

Where does the conduction pathway signal originate?

Answer 21

In the sinoatrial (SA) node (in right atrium)

Question 22

The conduction pathway signal goes from the sinoatrial node to where?

Answer 22

To the atrioventricular node (in atrial septum)

Question 23

Name the 5 elements that make up the conduction pathway

Answer 23

1. The sino-atrial (SA) node
2. The atrio-ventricular (AV) node
3. The bundle of His
4. The left and right bundle branches
5. The Purkinje fibres