Urinary retention and incontinence Flashcards
Causes of acute urinary retention
Neurological, obstructive, infectious, drugs, post-operative and alcohol
Investigations into urinary retention
Bladder scan, digital rectal exam, urinalysis, post-voidal residue
Types of urinary retention
CHronic, acute, low pressure or high pressure
Post-obstructive complications after retention
Diuresis which occurs when >200ml/hour for 2 consecutive hours
Management if urine is hyper-osmolar in retention
Resolving retention
Management if urine is hypo-osmolar in retention
Fluid replacement as kidneys are not contracting
Causes and triggers for urinary incontinence
ABnormality in anatomy of bladder, sphincter or urethra. Acts such as coughing, laughing, sneezing or exercising
Risk factors for stress incontinence
Childbirth, hysterectomy
Risk factors for urge incontinence
Recurrent UTIs, high BMI, advancing age, smoking, caffeine
Risk factors for functional incontinence
Sedating medications, alcohol, dementias
Risk factors for overflow incontinence
Underactivity of destrusor muscle such as from neurological damage, or if urinary outlet pressures are too high (from constipation or prostatism)
What is stress incontinence
leaking of urine when intraabdominal pressure is raised putting pressure on the bladder. PRessure of urine overcomes mechanisms
What is urge incontinence
Sudden and involuntary loss of urine associated with urgency
What is functional incontinence
Urge to pass urine but unable to access facilities
What is overflow incontinence
Small amounts of urine leak without warning. Pressure of bladder overcomes pressure of outlet structures to urine leaks out
