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Renal Medicine > Chronic Kidney Disease > Flashcards

Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Define chronic kidney disease

A

Gradual, irreversible decline in kidney function. Decreased GFR or markers of kidney damage for >3 months

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2
Q

Symptoms of CKD

A

Usually asymptomatic until stage 4 or 5 due to compensatory mechanisms

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3
Q

Stage 1 CKD

A

eGFR >90ml/min/1.73m2 with signs of kidney damage (proteinuria, haematuria)

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4
Q

Stage 2 CKD

A

eGFR 60-89ml/min/1.73m2 with signs of kidney damage (raised albumin:creatinine)

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5
Q

Stage 3 CKD

A

eGFR 30-59ml/min/1.73m2 with signs of kidney damage

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6
Q

Stage 4 CKD

A

eGFR 15-30ml/min/1.73m2 with signs of kidney damage

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7
Q

Stage 5 CKD

A

eGFR <15ml/min/1.73m2 with signs of kidney damage

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8
Q

Most common causes of CKD

A

Diabetes, HTN, chronic glomerulonephritis and PCKD

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9
Q

Less common causes of CKD

A

Glomerular causes, vascular causes, tubulointerstitial causes, congenital and developmental

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10
Q

Glomerular causes of CKD

A

IgA nephropathy, SLE

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11
Q

Vacular causes of CKD

A

Vasculitis, renal artery stenosis

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12
Q

Tubulointerstitial causes of CKD

A

Myeloma, amyloidosis

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13
Q

Congenital causes of CDK

A

Alport syndrome, PCKD

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14
Q

Developmental causes of CKD

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

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15
Q

What does failure of the kidney to excrete waste cause

A

Uraemia and hyperphosphataemia

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16
Q

What does failure to regulate acid-base balance cause

A

Metabolic acidosis

17
Q

What does failure of kidney to produce erythropoiten cause

A

Anaemia

18
Q

What does failure to regulate fluid balance cause

A

Hypertension and pulmonary oedema

19
Q

What does the failure of kidney to activate vitamin D cause

A

Hypercalcaemia

20
Q

Complications of chronic kidney disease

A

CVD
Renal osteodystrophy
Fluid (oedema)
Hypertension
Anaemia
Electrolyte disturbances
Leg restlessness
Sensory neuropathy

21
Q

Features of renal osteodystrophy

A

Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism, spinal osterosclerosis

22
Q

What is spinal osterosclerosis also known as

A

Rugger Jersey Spine

23
Q

Ways to slow the progression of CKD and its complications

A

Optismise risk factors - BP control, stop smoking, diabetes control, healthy weight and diet, exercise

24
Q

Electrolyte disturbances caused by CKD

A

Hyperkalaemia, acidosis and hyperphosphataemia

25
Q

How to treat renal acidosis complication

A

Sodium bicarbonate

26
Q

How to treat anaemia caused by CKD

A

Monthly SC erythropoietin injections

27
Q

How to treat oedema caused by CKD

A

Fluid and salt restriction and use diuretics such as furosemide

28
Q

Ways to treat hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia

A

Vitamin D for mineral bone disease, restrict dietary K+, prescribe K+ binder sevelamer, prescribe Vit D analogue alfacalcidiol.

Renal Medicine (11 decks)

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