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MGA Exam 3 > Urinary Organs > Flashcards

Urinary Organs Flashcards

1
Q

2 layers of fat in the kidneys

A

Perirneal

Pararenal

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2
Q

Perineal fat is found

A

Inside the renal fascia

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3
Q

Pararenal fat is found

A

Outside the renal fascia

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4
Q

What are kidneys?

A

Retroperitoneal glands invested in a fibro-fatty layer composed of 2 layers of fat and a membrane

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5
Q

What is the membrane of the kidney?

A

Renal fascia (Gerota’s fascia)

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6
Q

What are the 2 surfaces of the kidney

A

Anterior and posterior

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7
Q

What are the 2 borders of the kidney?

A

Lateral and medial

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8
Q

What are the 2 ples of the kidney?

A

Superior and inferior

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9
Q

Do the suprarenal glands touch they kidneys?

A

No

They are separated from the kidneys by the perirenal fat capsule

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10
Q

What organs come into contact with the kidneys?

A

Liver

Colic flexture

Duodenum

Stomach

Spleen

Pancreas

Descending colon

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11
Q

What 4 segements are kidneys divided into?

A

Anterior

Posterior

Apical

Basilar

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12
Q

Medulla of kidney divides into

A

Medullary pyrmaids with renal columns made of cortical tissue between them

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13
Q

Renal pyramids have __ that point toward the center of the kidney

A

Renal papilla

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14
Q

Renal tubules dump into ___ that then join to form ___ and then into ___

A

Dump into minor calices and then join to form major calices and then into the renal pelvis

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15
Q

Renal columns (function)

A

Separate renal pyramids from each other

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16
Q

Renal pyramids (function)

A

Come together to form the renal papilla

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17
Q

Renal papilla are located

A

The apex of the renal pyramid

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18
Q

Minor calyces are

A

The beginning of the extrarenal duct system

They are cup-shaped structures that receive renal papillae

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19
Q

Major calyces (function)

A

Receive minor calyces which drain urine from superior, middle, and inferior portions of the kidney

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20
Q

Renal pelvis (function)

A

Flattened funnel-shaped expansion of the superior end of the ureter

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21
Q

The apex of the renal pelvis is continuous with

A

the ureter

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22
Q

Renal arteries (structure)

A

Single vessels that extend from the aorta that branch into several segmental arteries before entering the renal sinus

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23
Q

Right renal artery runs posterior to

A

IVC

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24
Q

Left renal artery runs posterior to

A

Left renal vein

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25
Q

Interlobar arteries

A

Pass through renal columns to supply each pyramid

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26
Q

Arcuate arteries are

A

branches of interlobar arteries that supply each pyramid

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27
Q

Interlobular arteries are branches of

A

Arcuate artery that become the afferent arterioles

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28
Q

The left renal vein is anterior to___ and posterior to ___

A

Anterior to aorta and left renal artery

Posterior to SMA

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29
Q

The renal veins eventually drain into the

A

IVC

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30
Q

The left renal vein is in continuity with

A

Left gonadal vein

Left inferior adrenal vein

Lumbar vein

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31
Q

Left adrenal vein enters ___ while the left gonadal vein enters ___

A

Adrenal enters superiorly

Gonadal enters inferiorly

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32
Q

What are the 3 stages in kidney embryology?

A

Pronephros

Mesonephros

Metanephros

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33
Q

Mesonephros becomes the ___ which will form the __

A

Beceoms the Wolffian duct which will form the male reproductive system

34
Q

Metanephros will give rise to

A

Collecting tubules

Minor and Major calyces

Renal pelvis

Ureters

35
Q

Development- as the gonads move downward, they are being pulled into the inguinal canal by the

A

Gubernaculum

36
Q

Ureters are

A

Muscular structures that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

37
Q

Ureters are located

A

Anterior to the psoas muscle and run from the renal pelvis to the bladder

Posterior to the renal vessels

38
Q

Ureters are surrounded by

A

Perirenal fat

39
Q

Ureters cross over ___ and under ___

A

Cross over genitofemoral nerve and the common iliac or external iliac artery

Cross under gonadal vessels

40
Q

What are the 3 sites of ureter constriction

A

Junction of the ureters and renal pelvis

Brim of the pelvic inlet

Passage through wall of the bladder

41
Q

The proximal ureter is supplied by the

A

Aorta/renal artery

42
Q

The distal ureter is supplied by

A

Branches from iliac arteries

43
Q

Veins of the ureter drain into

A

The renal and gonadal vein

44
Q

Upper part of the ureter extends from

A

Renal pelvis to lower pole

45
Q

Upper part of the ureter is supplied by

A

Renal, adrenal, and gonadal arteries

46
Q

Middle part of the ureter extends from

A

Lower pole to pelvic brim

47
Q

Middle part of the ureter is supplied by

A

Gonadal arteries

Aorta

Common iliac

48
Q

Lower part of the ureter extends from

A

Pelvic brim to bladder

49
Q

Lower part of the ureter is supplied by

A

Internal iliac

Superior vesical

Inferior vesical

50
Q

Location of ureter in males

A

Vas deferens passes anteriorly

Enters bladder just above the apex of the seminal vesicle

51
Q

Location of ureter in females

A

Uterine artery passes anterioly

Pelvic ureter crosses ovarian vessels and nerves posteriorly

Anterior to internal iliac artery

Posterior to ovary under broad ligament, just behind uterine vessels

52
Q

Bladder location

A

Located in retropubic space in an extraperitoneal position

53
Q

Parts of the bladder

A

Apex

Body

Fundus

Neck

Uvula

54
Q

Apex of the bladder (location)

A

Anterior end that points toward the superior edge of the pubic symphysis

55
Q

Uvula of the bladder (location)

A

Slight projection of trigone

56
Q

Trigone

A

Smooth area within the base of the bladder

57
Q

Trigone is bounded by

A

3 orifices:

Right and left uretrovesical orifices

Internal urethral meatus

58
Q

Bladder wall is composed of

A

Detrusor muscle

59
Q

Blood supply of bladder

A

Superior, middle and inferior vesicle arteries

60
Q

Veins of bladder drain into

A

Internal iliac vein

61
Q

Embryology of the bladder- cloaca is divided by ___ into

A

Divided by urorectal septum into the dorsal rectum and ventral urogenital sinus

62
Q

3 parts of the urogenital sinus

A

Vesical

Pelvic

Phallic

63
Q

Embryology of bladder- vesicle forms

A

Most of the urinary bladder

64
Q

Embryology of the bladder- pelvic portion becomes

A

Urethra in neck of bladder

65
Q

Embryology of bladder- plevic portion becomes ___ in males and ___ in females

A

Produces prostatic and membranous portions of urethra in males

Produces membranous urethra in females

66
Q

Embryology of bladder- phallic portion becomes

A

Urogenital sinus

67
Q

Embryology of bladder- phallic portion becomes ___ in males and ___ in females

A

Forms penile urethra in males

Forms vestibule of vagina in females

68
Q

Male urethra is derived from

A

Endoderm of the urogenital sinus

69
Q

Function of male urethra

A

Allows urine to pass from internal urethral orifice of bladder to external urethral orifice at tip of penis

70
Q

4 parts of male urethra

A

Preprostatic

Prostatic

Membranous

Spongy

71
Q

Preprostatic portion of male urethra extends from

A

Bladder neck to prostate

72
Q

Prostatic portion of male urethra located in

A

Prostate

73
Q

Membraous portion of male urethra is located

A

within urogenital diaphragm

74
Q

Spongy part of male urethra is

A

The distal part of the urethra

75
Q

Blood supply to preprostatic and prostatic portions of male urethra comes from

A

Prostatic branches of inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries

76
Q

Blood supply to membranous portion of male urethra comes from

A

Branches of the dorsal artery and artery of the blub of the penis from the internal pudendal

77
Q

Blood supply to penile portion of male urethra comes from

A

Urethral artery

Bulbar artery

Branches of the dorsal artery

78
Q

Venous drainage of the male urethra occurs via

A

Prostatic plexus and internal pudendal veins

79
Q

The female urethra is derived from

A

Endoderm of the urogenital sinus

80
Q

Female urethra location

A

Anterior to vagina

81
Q

Extraperitoneal bladder rupture is almost always associated with

A

Pelvic fractures

82
Q

Intraperitoneal bladder rupture results from

A

Trauma to lower abdomen when the bladder is distended

MGA Exam 3 (8 decks)

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