Reproductive Organs Flashcards
Final position of the gonads in males and females
Males: scrotum
Females: Labia majora
Testis develop in the ___ tissue in the ___
Extraperitoneal connective tissue
In the superior lumbar region of the posterior abdominal wall
Embryology of testis- Gubernaculum connects the testis to
Anterolateral abdominal wall at the site of the future deep ring
Embryology of testis- processus vaginalis crosses
Developing inguinal ring, carrying the muscular and fascial layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall before it as it enters the scrotum
In females, ovaries develop in
Superior lumbar region of the posterior abdominal wall and migrate to the lateral abdominal wall in the pelvis
In females, gubernaculum is connects
Ovary and primoridal uterus to the developing labium majus
In females, the gubernaculum becomes
The ovarian ligament and the round ligament
Ovarian ligament connects
Ovary and uterus
Round ligament of the uterus connects
Uterus and labium majus
Which ligament in females prevents the ovaries from descending into the inguinal region
Ovarian ligament
Which ligament in females passes through the inguinal region
Round ligament
2 layers of the scrotum
Skin
Dartos fascia
Scrotum is divided internally by the
Septum of the scrotum
Scrotum is divided externally by
Scrotal raphe
Dartos fasica is responsible for ___ of the scrotum
The wrinkled appearance of the scrotum
Dartos fascia is continuous anteriorly with
Scarpa’s fascia
Dartos fascia is continuous posteriorly with
Colles’ fascia (subcutaneous tissue of the perineum)
Function of dartos muscle
Attaches to the skin and causes the scrotum to contract and bring the testis closer to the abdominal cavity to keep warm and sperm alive
What arteries supply blood to the scrotum?
Posterior scrotal arteries
Anterior scrotal arteries
Cremaster branch of inferior epigastric artery
What veins drain the scrotum?
Posterior and anterior scrotal veins
Epidiymis is formed by
Minute convolutions of the duct of the epidiymis
Epidiymis lies on the ___ surface of the testis and is covered by ___
Lies on the posterior surface of the testis
Covered by tunica vaginalis except at the posterior margin
___ transport sperm from the rete testis to the epididymis
Efferent ductules
Rete testis are
A network of canals at the termination of the straight seminiferous tubules
3 parts of the epididymis
Heady
Body
Tail
Head of the epididymis is composed of
Lobules formed by coiled ends of 12-14 efferent ductules
Body of epididymis consists of
Convoluted duct of the epididymis
Tail of the epididmis is continuous with
The vas deferens
Testis are covered by
Tunica albuginea
Function of testis
Produce sperm and testosterone
Sperm are formed in the ___ of the testis
The long convoluted seminiferous tubules
The surface of the testis is covered by
Tunica vaginalis (visceral layer)
Testis blood supply comes from
Testicular arteries +
Anastomoses with vas deferens artery
Veins of the testis join the
Pampiniform plexus
Left and right testicular veins begin in ___ and empty into ___
Both begin in pampiniform plexus
Left empties into the left renal vein
Right empties into IVC
Innervation of the testis is done by
Testicular plexus
Lymphatics of the testis
Lumbar and preaortic lymph nodes
Function of vas deferns
Conveys sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Location of vas deferens
Starts at the tail of the epidiymis and ends by joining the seminal vescile duct to form the ejaculatory duct
Blood supply of the vas deferens
Vas deferens artery and vein
Seminal vesicles location
Lies between the fundus of the bladder and the rectum
Function of seminal vesicles
Secrete thick alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm as they pass into the ejaculatory ducts and urethra
Blood supply to seminal vesicles
Inferior vesicle and middle rectal arteries
Ejaculatory duct (location)
Arise from union of seminal vesicle duct with vas deferens
Ejaculatory ducts arise near ___ and pass ___ through the prostate
Arise near the neck of the bladder
Pass anteroinferiorly though the prostate
Blood supply to ejaculatory duct
Vas deferens artery
Veins of the vas deferens
Join the prostatic and vescial venous plexus
Prostate- components
Glandular component (2/3)
Fibromuscular component (1/3)
Prostate structure
Base
Apex
Muscular anterior surface
Lobes of the prostate
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Lateral lobe
Medial lobe
Blood supply to prostate
Internal iliac
Inferior vesical
Internal pudendal
Middle rectal
Zones of the prostate
Peripheral
Central
Transition
Anterior fibromuscular
Peripheral zone of prostate contains
Apical, posterior, and lateral aspects
Central zone of prostate (location)
Area from ejaculatory ducts to under the base of the bladder
Transition zone of prostate (location)
Surrounds urethra proximal to ejaculatory ducts
Anterior fibromuscular zone of prostate (location)
Bladder neck to urethral sphincter
Site where most prostate cancers develop
Peripheral zone
What do you frequently find in the transition zone of the prostate?
Benign prostate hypertrophy
3 parts of penis
Root
Body
Glans
3 cylindrical bodies of erectile cavernous tissue of penis:
Corpora cavernosum (2)
Corpus spongiosum
Blood supply to penis
Internal pudendal
Dorsal artery
Helcine arteries
Veins of the penis
Drain into deep dorsal vein
Labia majora is equivalent to the __ in males
Scrotum
Location of labia majora
Fuse anteriorly over the mons pubis
Anterior fusion of labia minora forms
The preupse and frenulum of the clitoris
Posterior fusion of the labia minora forms
Posterior fourchette and fossa navicularis
Vagina extends from
Cervix to vestibule of the vagina
Vagina is anterior to ___ and posterior to ___
Anterior to rectum
Posterior to bladder and urethra
Location of uterus
Lies in lesser pelvis with body lying on top of the urinary bladder
Parts of the uterus
Body
Cervix
5 ligaments of the uterus
Ovarian
Round
Broad
Cardinal
Uterosacral
Function of the ovarian ligament
Attaches ovary to uterus posterioinferior to the uterotubal junction
Function of the round ligament
Attaches to the uterus anterioinferiorly to the uterotubal junction
Which ligaments are remnants of the gubernaculum in women?
Ovarian and Round
Function of broad ligament
Mesentery of the uterus
Broad ligament contains
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Mesometrium
Location of broad ligament
Sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and pelvic floor
Function of cardinal ligament
Transverse cervical ligament
Location of cardinal ligament
From the supravaginal cervix to the lateral pelvic wall
Location of uterosacral ligament
Passes superiorly and posteriorly from the sides of the cervix to the middle of the scarum
Mesovarium supplies blood to
Ovary
Mesosalpinx supplies blood to
Fallopian tubes
Mesometrium supplies blood to
Segements of the uterus
Fallopian tubes extend from
Uterine horns and open into peritoneal cavity
4 parts of the fallopian tubes
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterine
Location/function of infundibulum of fallopain tubes
Funnel shaped distal end of tube htat opens into the peritoneal cavity
Which part of the fallopian tube has fimbraie
Infundibulum
Location of ampulla of the fallopian tube
Starts at medial end of infundibulum
Isthmus of fallopian tube is
Thick walled part that enters the uterine horn
Uterine part of fallopian tube is the
Short intramural part that passes through the wall of the uterus and opens into the uterine cavity
Ovaries are covered by
Tunica albuginea
3 ligament of the ovaries
Suspensory
Mesovarium
Ovarian
Suspensory ligament of ovaries contain
Ovarian vessels
Lymphatics
Nerves
Mesoovarium ligament is the
Short mesentery of the ovary
Ovarian ligament (function)
Secures ovary to uterus
Mesonephros degenerates to become
Mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct)
If the embryo is male, the mesonephric duct forms
Male organs
If embryo is female, mesonephric duct
Deteriorates as the paranephric duct (Mullerian duct) continues to grow to form the female organs
Mesonephric duct gives you
Male structures
Paramesonephric duct gives you
Female structures
From the mullerian duct you get the
Fallopian tube and uterus
From the wolfian duct you get
The seminal vesicles
Vas deferens
Epididmis
In males, the genital tubercle forms the
Penis
In males, the genital fold forms the
Glands of the penis
In males, the genital swelling forms the
Sides of the scrotum that will come together at Raphe
In females, the genital tubercle forms the
Clitoris
In females, the gential fold forms the
Labia manora
In females, the genital swelling forms the
Labia majora
Penile fracture is a rupture of
Tunica albugenia
Ovarian torsion is the twisting of the ovary around the
Fallopian tube
Mesosalpinx
Ovarian cyst or mass