Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
What is the order of the posterior abdominal muscles from lateral to medial
Transversus abdominis
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum, which is posterior to
Psoas major
Psoas minor
Origin of psoas major
Sides of the bodies and intervening intervertebral disks of T12-L5
Transverse processes of L1-L5
Insertion of psoas major
Iliopsoas tendon which inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur
The psoas major passes under
The inguinal ligament, just lateral to the iliopubic eminence
Function of the psoas major
Flexes thigh
Flexes lumbar vertebral column and bends it towards the same side
Blood supply to psoas major
Subcostal artery
Lumbar arteries
Innervation of psoas major
L2-4
Lympathics of psoas major
Lumbar lymph nodes
Origin of psoas minor
Sides of the bodies of the 12th and 1st lumbar vertebrae and the intervertebral disc between them
Insertion of psoas minor
Long, flat tendon ending in the iliopubic eminence, arcuate line of the ilium, and the iliac fossa
Function of psoas minor
Flexes laterally and bends the lumbar vertebral column
Blood supply of psoas minor
Lumbar arteries
Innervation of psoas minor
L1-L2
Lymphatics of psoas minor
Lumbar lymph nodes
Origin of iliacus
Iliac crest and greater part of hte iliac fossa
Iliolumbar and ventral sacroiliac ligaments
Ala of the sacrum
Insertion of the iliacus
Lateral side of the iliopsoas tendon, ending in the lesser trochanter of the femur
Function of the iliacus
Flexes thigh
Flexes plevis on the thigh
Blood supply of iliacus
Iliolumbar artery
Innervation of the iliacus
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Lymphatics of the iliacus
Lumbar lymph nodes
Origin of quadratus lumborum
Posterior part of the iliac cres and iliolumbar ligament
Insertion of the quadratus lumborum
Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae L1-L4 and the 12th rib
Function of quadratus lumborum
Laterally bends the trunk
Fixes 12th rib
Blood supply of quadratus lumborum
Subcostal artery
Lumbar arteries
Innervation of quadratus lumborum
Subcostal nerve
Ventral primary rami of L1-L4
Lymphatics of quadratus lumborum
Lumbar lymph nodes
What is the relationship between quadratus lumborum, psoas minor, and the iliacus muscles?
Quadratus lumborum is most posterior
Psoas minor is most medial
Iliacus is most lateral
Psoas fascia is attached medially to
Lumbar vertebrae and pelvic brim
Psoas fascia is thickened superiorly to form
Medial arcuate ligament
Psoas fascia fuses laterally with ___ to form
Fuses laterally with quadratus lumborum fascia to form thoracolumbar fascia
Psoas fascia is continuous with
the part of the iliac fossa covering the iliacus
Quadratus lumborum fascia will give you ___ ligaments
Lateral arcuate ligaments
Psoas fascia will give you ___ ligaments
Meidal acruate ligaments
Thoracolumbar fascia encloses
Deep back muscles
Thoracolumbar fascia is thin where it covers ___ and thick in the ___
Thin where it covers thoracic parts of the deep muscles
Thick in lumbar regions
Lumbar part of thoracolumbar fascia extends between
12th rib and iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia attaches laterally to
Internal oblique muscle
Transversalis abdominus muscle
Lumbar arteries 1-4 come off of
The posterior part of the aorta
Renal arteries come off
The sides of the aorta
Branches of the abdominal aorta from top to bottom
Inferior phrenic arteries
Celiac trunk
Middle suprarenal arteries
1st lumbar arteries
SMA
Renal arteries
Gonadal arteries
2nd lumbar arteries
IMA
3rd lumbar arteries
4th lumbar arteries
Median sacral artery
Common iliacs
Inferior phrenic arteries supply
Diaphragm
Suprarenal gland
Lumbar arteries run ___ to psoas major
Posteriorly
Lumbar arteries supply
Psoas major
Psoas minor
Quadratus lumborum
Spinal cord
Vertebral column
Veins that drain into the IVC
Common iliacs
Lumbar veins
Right gonadal vein
Renal vein
Right suprarenal vein
Inferior phrenic veins
Hepatic veins
Relationship of femoral vein and artery
Femoral vein is more medial, femoral artery is more lateral
The aorta is ___ to the IVC
Anterior
Shape of right vs left suprarenal glands
Right is more pyramidal
Left is more semilunar
What are the borders of the suprarenal glands?
Supeior
Medial
Anterior
Cortex of the suprarenal gland has a high
lipid content
What accounts for 80-90% of the suprarenal gland’s volume?
Cortex
3 zones of the supraadrenal cortex
Glomerulosa
Fasciculata
Reticularis
The golmerulosa produces
Mineralocorticoids
The fasiculata produces
Glucocorticoids
The reticularis produces
Androgens
2 main structures of the adrenal gland
Cortex
Medulla
The medulla of the adrenal gland is ___ in origin
Ectodermal
Medulla of adrenal gland arises from
Neural crest
What are cromaffin cells?
Cells of the adrenal medulla
Function of adrenal medulla
Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
Superior adrenal arteries come off the
Inferior phrenic artery
Middle adrenal arteries come off the
Aorta
Inferior adrenal arteries come off the
Renal artery
Right adrenal vein empties into ___
Left adrneal vein empties into ___
Right dumps directly into IVC
Left joins the inferior phrenic vein before emptying into the left renal vein
Embryology- Cortex of the adrenal gland is from
Mesenchyme lining the posterior abdominal wall
___ and ___ of the adrenal gland is present at birth
Glomerulosa and fasciculata
An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a
focal dilation of the diameter of hte aorta
Pheochromocytoma is
A tumor arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and are associated with an increased catecholamine product