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MGA Exam 3 > Thigh > Flashcards

Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Number of ossification sites on the femur

A

5

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2
Q

The primary ossification center of the femur is

A

Diaphysis (shaft)

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3
Q

Where are the 4 secondary ossification centers of the femur?

A

Head

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

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4
Q

What is a slipped capitis femoris?

A

The slippage of the growth plate (epiphysis of the femoral head)

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5
Q

Physical exam of slipped capitis femoris will reveal

A

Positive trendelenburg sign because of unequal limb length

On passive extension of the hip. the thigh will abduct and externally rotate

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6
Q

What are the main superficial veins of the thigh and leg?

A

Great saphenous vein

Small saphenous vein

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7
Q

Great saphenous vein comes from

A

Femoral vein in inguinal region

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8
Q

Small saphenous vein comes from

A

Popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

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9
Q

Lymph in thigh drains into

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (inferior or vertical group)

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (superior or horizontal node)

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10
Q

Lymph in leg drains into

A

Popiteal lymph nodes

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11
Q

Retroinguinal space consists of

A

Lacuna musculorum

Lacuna vasorum

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12
Q

What is located in the lacuna musculorum?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas muscle

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13
Q

What is located in the lacuna vasorum?

A

Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Femoral sheath, which includes the femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral canal lymphatics

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14
Q

Femoral triangle is bounded by

A

Inguinal ligament- superiorly

Sartorius- laterally

Adductor longus- medially

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15
Q

Medial branches of the external iliac/femoral arteries in the inguinal region

A

External pudendal arteries (superficial and deep)

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16
Q

Superior branches of the external iliac/femoral arteries in the inguinal region

A

Epigastric arteries (superficial and inferior)

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17
Q

Lateral branches of the external iliac/femoral arteries in the inguinal region

A

Circumflex iliac arteries (superficial and deep)

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18
Q

You can see variations in the branching pattern of which arteries?

A

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries

Profunda femoris artery

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19
Q

The medial circumflex femoral artery typically passes between

A

Pectineus and iliopsoas muscles

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20
Q

What is avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

A

Damage to the retinacular arteries supplying the head of the femur

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21
Q

The trochanter anastomosis supplies

A

Neck and head of femur

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22
Q

Trochanter anastomosis is fored by

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries and medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries

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23
Q

Retinacular vessels are located deep to

A

zona obicularis

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24
Q

Quads are usually innervated by

A

Femoral nerve

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25
Q

Adductors are usually innervated by

A

Obuturator nerve

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26
Q

What is innervated by the common fibular nerve and gluteal nerves

A

Gluteals

Short head of biceps femoris

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27
Q

What innervates the hamstrings and lateral rotators

A

Tibial nerve and nerves to lateral rotators

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28
Q

Psoas major and minor are innervated by (3)

A

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3)

Femoral nerve

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29
Q

Illiacus is innervated by

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L3)

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30
Q

Sartorius and quadriceps femoris is innervated by

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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31
Q

Pectineus is innervated by

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L3)

Obturator nerve (L2-L3)

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32
Q

Obturator externus is innervated by

A

Obturator nerve (L3-L4)

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33
Q

Gracilis is innervated by

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L3)

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34
Q

Adductor longus is innervated by

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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35
Q

Adductor brevis is innervated by

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L3)

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36
Q

Adductor magnus is innervated by

A

Adductor part innervated by obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Hamstring part by tibial part of sciatic nerve

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37
Q

Function of iliopectineal bursa

A

Reduces friction of iliacus and psoas muscles over hip joint

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38
Q

Branches of the femoral nerve

A

Anterior cutaneous branches

Muscular branches

Nerve to the vastus medialis

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39
Q

Femoral nerve continues as the

A

Saphenous nerve

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40
Q

Posterior branch of the obturator nerve- location

A

Descends behind adductor brevis, on the anterior surface of the adductor magnus

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41
Q

Posterior branch of the obturator nerve innervates

A

Adductor part of adductor magnus

42
Q

Anterior branch of the obturator nerve- location

A

Descends behind pectineus and adductor longus, on the anterior surface of adductor brevis

43
Q

Anterior branch of obturator nerve innervates

A

Gracilis

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Contributes to supply of pectineus

44
Q

Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve is derived from

A

Anterior branch of obturator nerve

45
Q

Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve innervates

A

Skin of medial thigh

46
Q

Location of accessory obturator nerve

A

Exits pelvis through lacuna vasorum

47
Q

3 terminal branches of accessory obturator nerve

A

Sensory branch to hip joint

Motor branch to pectineus

Communicating branch to anterior division of obturator nerve

48
Q

Iliopsoas inserts on

A

Lesser trochanter and adjacent femoral shaft

49
Q

Hip flexors of abdomen

A

Psoas minor

Psoas major

Iliacus

Iliopsoas

50
Q

Quadriceps femoris- origin

A

Originate on ASIS and femoral shaft below intertrochanteric line

51
Q

Quadriceps femoris- insertion

A

Quadriceps tendon and superior patella

Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

52
Q

Quadriceps femoris is innervated by

A

Femoral nerve

53
Q

Blood supply to quadriceps femoris

A

Lateral femoral artery, especially its descending branch

54
Q

Sartorius- origin

A

ASIS

55
Q

Sartorius- insertion

A

Proximal tibia as part of pes anserinus

56
Q

Sartorius is innervated by

A

Femoral nerve

57
Q

Function of sartorius

A

Flexus, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh

Flexes knee

58
Q

Adductors of the thigh

A

Pectineus

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

59
Q

Most adductors originate around

A

Obturator foramen

60
Q

Origin of pectineus

A

Pectineal line of pubis

61
Q

Origin of adductor longus

A

Pubis, lateral to the symphysis

62
Q

Adductor brevis- origin

A

Inferior pubic ramus

63
Q

Adductor magnus- origin of adductor part

A

Ischiopubic ramus

64
Q

Adductor magnus- origin of hamstring part

A

Ischial tuberosity

65
Q

Gracilis- origin

A

Ischiopubic ramus

66
Q

Insertion of pectineus

A

Line from lesser trochanter to linea aspera

67
Q

Insertion of adductors

A

Linea aspera

68
Q

Adductors originate on

A

Linea aspera

69
Q

Hamstring part of adductor magnus inserts on

A

Adductor tubercle

70
Q

Gracilis- insertion

A

Just distal to medial condyle of tibia

71
Q

Where is the adductor hiatus located

A

Adductor magnus, between insertion site for hamstring and adductor part

72
Q

Origin of obturator externus

A

External surface of obturator membrane

73
Q

Insertion of obturator externus

A

Trochanteric fossa

74
Q

What muscles laterally rotate the thigh?

A

Piriformis

Gemelli

Obturator internus

Quadratus femoris

75
Q

Obturator externus is innervated by

A

Obturator nerve

76
Q

Most lateral rotators of thigh are innervated by

A

Tibial nerve

77
Q

Hamstrings muscles are

A

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Biceps fermois, long head

Biceps femoris, short head

78
Q

Which hamstrings attach on the ischial tuberosity

A

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Biceps femoris, long head

79
Q

Biceps femoris, short head originates on

A

Linea aspera

80
Q

Semimembranosus- insertion

A

Medial tibial condyle

81
Q

Semitendinosus- insertion

A

Pes anserinus

82
Q

Biceps femoris- insertion

A

Head of fibula

83
Q

Function of hamstrings

A

Hip extensors and knee flexors

84
Q

Additional actions of semimembranosus and semitendenosus

A

Medially rotate thigh and leg

85
Q

Additional action of biceps femoris

A

Laterally rotates thigh and leg

86
Q

Innervation of hamstrings + exception

A

Tibial component of sciatic nerve

Exception: short head of biceps femoris which is innervated by common peroneal nerve

87
Q

Blood supply to hamstrings- proximally

A

Inferior gluteal artery

88
Q

Blood supply to hamstrings- middle

A

Perforating arteries from profunda femoris

89
Q

Blood supply to hamstrings- distal

A

Popliteal artery

90
Q

Which muscles insert on pes anserinus and what innervates each of these muscles

A

SGT FOT

Sartorius (femoral)
Gracilis (obturator)
Semitendinosus (Tibial division of sciatic nerve)

91
Q

Which muscles originate on the adductor magnus and ischial tuberosity

A

Hamstrings

Adductor magnus

92
Q

Insertions of powerful tendons are subject to ___ especially if the tendon inserts on an ___

A

Avulsion fractures

Especially if tendon inserts on epiphysis

93
Q

Where does the femoral artery run? (over + under)

A

Behind sartorius and quads

Over adductors

94
Q

Where does the profunda femoris run (over + under)

A

Behind adductor longus

Over adductor brevis and magnus

95
Q

Perforating branches of femoral artery extend through

A

Adductor magnus

96
Q

Adductor canal (location)

A

Starts at apex of femoral triangle

Runs behind sartorius and quads and in front of adductors

Ends at adductor hiatus

97
Q

Arteries and veins in adductor canal emerge in

A

Popliteal fossa via adductor hiatus in adductor magnus

98
Q

Which branch nerve passes through the adductor hiatus

A

Articular branch of obturator nerve to knee joint

99
Q

What runs through the adductor canal? Which of these will pass through the adductor hiatus

A

Femoral artery and vein (emerge from canal to become popliteal artery and vein)

Saphenous nerve (does not go through hiatus)

Nerve to vastus medius (does not go through hiatus)

Femoral nerve branches (do not pass through hiatus)

Articular branch of obturator nerve to knee joint

100
Q

What divides the thigh into compartments?

A

Intermuscular septa which are continuous with fasca lata

MGA Exam 3 (8 decks)

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