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MGA Exam 3 > Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Inguinal Region Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Inguinal canal is formed by

A

Relocation of testis during development

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2
Q

Where does the inguinal canal start? (2)

A

Intraabdominally on the deep aspect of the abdominal wall where the spermatic cord passes through a hiatus in the transversalis fascia

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3
Q

The hiatus in the transversalis fascia is called

A

The deep or inguinal ring

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4
Q

Where does the inguinal canal end?

A

On the superficial aspect of the abdominal wall musculature at the superficial/external inguinal ring

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5
Q

Anterior boundary of the inguinal canal (2)

A

External oblique aponeurosis and internal oblique muscle laterally

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6
Q

Posterior boundary of the inguinal canal (2)

A

Fusion of transversalis fascia and transversus abdoiminis muscle

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7
Q

Superior boundary of the inguinal canal (3)

A

Arch formed by fibers of the internal oblique muscle and the transversus abdominis muscle and aponeurosis

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8
Q

Inferior boundary of the inguinal canal (2)

A

Formed by the inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

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9
Q

Inguinal ligament is comprised of

A

Inferior fibers of the external oblique aponeurosis

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10
Q

Inguinal ligament stretches from

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

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11
Q

What forms the inferior floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament

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12
Q

What is the lacunar ligament?

A

Triangular fanning out of the inguinal ligament as it joins the pubic tubercle

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13
Q

The lateral edge of the lacunar ligament forms

A

The medial border of the femoral canal

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14
Q

What is the pectineal ligament?

A

The lateral portion of the lacunar ligament that is fused to the periosteum of the pubic tubercle

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15
Q

The pectineal ligament may include fibers from (4)

A

Transversus abdominis

Iliopubic tract

Internal oblique

Rectus abdominis

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16
Q

What is the iliopubic tract?

A

An aponeurotic band that begins at the anterior suprior iliac spine and inserts into the pectineal ligament from above

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17
Q

Where does the iliopubic tract form? (3)

A

The deep side of the inferior margin of the transversus abdominis and transversalis fascia

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18
Q

What is the on the superficial side of the iliopubic tract?

A

Inguinal ligament

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19
Q

What connects the iliopubic tract to the inguinal ligament?

A

Shelving edge

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20
Q

The iliopubic tract helps form (2)

A

The inferior margin of the internal inguinal ring as it courses medially

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21
Q

The iliopubic tract continues as (2)

A

The anterior and medial border of the femoral canal

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22
Q

The conjoined tendon is (3)

A

The fusion of the inferior fibers of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeurosis at the point where they insert on the pubic tubercle

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the internal ring? (2)

A

It is the enterance to the inguinal canal for the spermatic cord (round ligament) and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

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24
Q

Where is the internal ring located? (3)

A

Superior to the middle of the inguinal ligament

Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

Inferior border: iliopubic tract

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25
The internal ring starts as (3)
an envagination in the transversalis fascia that forms and opening which the vas deferens (round ligament) passes to enter the inguinal canal
26
Transversalis fascia continues into the inguinal canal to form
The internal fasica
27
What is the purpose of the external ring? (3)
It is the exit for the spermatic cord, genitofemoral nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve from the inguinal canal
28
The external ring splits to form
the lateral and medial crus
29
What are the lateral and medial crus?
portion of the external oblique aponeurosis that forms the lateral and medial margins of the superficial ring respectively
30
Where is the external ring located? (2)
Superior and lateral to the pubic tubercle
31
What does the lateral crus attach to?
The pubic tubercle
32
What does the medial crus attach to?
Pubic crest
33
What helps prevent the crua from opening? (2)
Intercrural fibers from the superficial layer of the deep fascia overlying the external oblique muscle
34
What is the gubernaculum? (3)
Fibrous tract connecting the testis to the anterolateral abdominal wall at the site of the deep ring of the inguinal canal
35
In females, the gubernaculum connects (3)
the ovary and uterus to the developing labium majus
36
In females, the gubernaculum becomes (2)
The ovarian and round ligaments
37
What is the processus vaginalis? (3)
A pertinoneal diverticulum that crosses the developing inguinal canal carrying the muscular and fascial layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall into the scrotum
38
Embryology- testis develop in the (3)
extraperitoneal connective tissue in the superior lumbar region of the posterior abdominal wall
39
Embryology- what happens to the processus vaginalis
It crosses crosses the developing inguinal ring carrying the muscular and fascial layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall before it as it enters the scrotum
40
Embryology- what happens as the testis enter the scrotum?
they are covered by the musculofascial extensions of the anterolateral abdominal wall
41
Embryology- the distal part of the processus vaginalis forms the
Tunica vaginalis
42
In females, ovaries develop (2)
in superior lumbar region of the posterior abdominal wall and migrate to the lateral abdominal wall in the pelvis
43
In females, the gubernaculum is (3)
a fibrous cord connecting the ovary and the primordial uterus to the developing labium majus
44
The ovarian ligament connects
The ovary and uterus
45
The round ligament connects
The uterus and labium majus
46
In females, which ligament passes through the inguinal region?
Round ligament
47
In females, the inguinal canal is ___, compared to males
Narrower
48
What are the nerves of the inguinal region? (4)
Ilioinguinal Iliohypogastric Genitofemoral Lateral femoral cutaneous
49
Function of the spermatic cord
Suspends the testis in the scrotum
50
The spermatic cord contains (8)
Vas deferenes vas deferens artery and vein cremasteric artery and vein testicular artery and vein pampiniform venous plexus genital branch of genitofemoral nerve sympathetic nerves lymphatic vessels
51
What are the 3 fascial layers that envelope the spermatic cord?
External Cremasteric Internal
52
The external fascial layer of the spermatic cord is formed from
The external oblique aponeurosis
53
The cremasteric fascial layer of the spermatic cord is formed from
superficial and deep surfaces of the internal oblique muscles
54
The internal fascial layer of the spermatic cord is formed from
Transversalis fascia
55
The testicular artery supplies
Testis and epididymis
56
Testicular artery arises from
The aorta
57
Vas deferens artery arises from
Inferior vesical artery
58
Cremasteric artery arises from
Inferior epigastric artery
59
What is the pampiniform plexus?
A VENOUS network formed by 12 veins
60
What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?
Drains into the right or left testicular veins
61
The pampiniform plexus runs in the
Spermatic cord
62
What are the main arteries and veins of the spermatic cord? (4)
Testicular artery Vas deferens artery Cremasteric artery Pampiniform plexus
63
Descend of the testis occurs ___ the peritoneum
Beneath/behind
64
The abdominal skin of the abdominal wall (i.e. Scarpa's fascia) becomes the ___ in the testis
Scrotal skin with tunica dartos (dartos muscle of the scrotum)
65
The superficial fascia of the abdominal wall/external abdominal oblique becomes the ___ in the testis
External spermatic fascia
66
The external oblique muscle of the abdominal wall becomes the ___ in the testis
IT HAS NO COUNTERPART
67
The transversalis fasica of the abdominal wall becomes the ___ in the testis
Internal spermatic fascia
68
The peritoneum of the abdominal wall becomes the ___ in the testis
Tunica vaginalis
69
Inguinal hernias are caused by
A failure of the processus vaginalis to close
70
What is the superior/lateral border of Hesselbach's triangle?
Inferior epigastrics
71
What is the meidal border of Hesselbach's triangle?
Lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle
72
What is the inferior border of Hesselbach's triangle?
Inguinal ligament
73
What is the Triangle of pain?
It is a space bordered by the iliopubic tract and gonadal vessels
74
What does the triangle of pain contain? (3)
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve Femoral nerve
75
What is the triangle of doom?
A space bordered by the vas deferens and spermatic cord vessels
76
The triangle of doom contains (4)
external iliacs deep circumflex iliac vein femoral nerve genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
77
What is the circle of death? (4)
A vascular anastomosis between the obturator and the external iliac vascular systems that passes over Cooper's pectineal ligament and posterior to the lacunar ligament
78
Direct vs. indirect hernia
Any hernia that occurs inside Hesselbach's triangle is a direct hernia Any hernia that occurs on the lateral side of the triangle is an indirect hernia
79
What is Scarpa's Triangle/the Femoral triangle?
Subfascial space that appears as a triangular depression inferior to the inguinal ligament when the thigh is flexed, abducted, and laterally rotated.
80
What is the superior border of Scarpa's/the Femoral Triangle?
Inginal ligament
81
What is the medial border of Scarpa's/the Femoral Triangle?
Lateral border of the adductor longus
82
What is the lateral border of Scarpa's/the Femoral Triangle?
Medial border of the Sartorius muscle
83
What is the floor of Scarpa's/the Femoral Triangle?
Pectinous and adductor longus muslces medially Iliopsoas muscles laterally
84
What is the roof of Scarpa's/the Femoral Triangle?
Fascia lata
85
What structures are contained within the femoral triangle? (6)
Femoral nerve + terminal branches Femoral sheath which contains: - Femoral artery - Femoral vein - Deep inguinal lymph nodes
86
What are the borders of the subinguinal hiatus superiorly and inferiorly? (1+3)
Superior: inguinal ligament Inferior: iliopubic eminance, body, and pubic tubercle
87
What are the 3 compartments of the subinguial hiatus? (3)
Lacuna musculonervosa Lacuna vasorum Lacuna lymphatica
88
The lacuna musculonervosa contains
The femoral nerve and the iliopsoas muscle
89
The lacuna vasorum contains
femoral artery and vein
90
The lacuna lymphatica is a common site of
Herniation
91
The cremaster muscle is a derivative of
The internal abdominal oblique
92
In the subinguinal hiatus, what divides the subinguinal hiatus into the lacuna visorum and the lacuna musculorum?
Subinguinal hiatus
93
The external abdominal oblique fascia becomes the ___ in the testis
External spermatic fascia
94
The transversalis fascia in the abdominal wall becomes __ in the testis
The internal spermatic fascia
95
The transversus abdominis muscle in the abdominal wall becomes ___ in the testis
Nothing
96
The external abdominal oblique fascia in the abdominal wall becomes the ___ in the testis
External spermatic fascia
97
The right gonadal vein drains into the ___ The left gonadal vein drains into the ___
Right = IVC Left = renal vein
98
From lateral to medial, what is located in the femoral sheath? (5)
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Femoral artery Femoral vein Nodes/fat of the femoral canal/ring Lacunar ligament
99
What is located superiorly to the femoral sheath?
Inguinal ligament/inguinal canal (superficial ring)
100
Femoral hernias occur
Below the inguinal ligament
101
Cloquet's hernia occurs between
The pectineus msucle and its aponeurosis and behind the femoral vessels
102
Be'clard's hernia occurs
Through the saphenous ring

MGA Exam 3 (8 decks)

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