Urinary incontinence Flashcards
What percentage of long-term care residents are affected by urinary incontinence?
A) 20%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%
C) 70%
Urinary incontinence is more prevalent in:
A) Men
B) Women
C) Equal in men and women after age 60
D) More common in men after age 80
Answer: B) Women
Which of the following is a common risk factor for urinary incontinence in the older adult?
A) Age
B) Obesity
C) Diabetes
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Stress incontinence** is most commonly caused by:
A) Detrusor overactivity
B) Weakness in pelvic floor muscles
C) Bladder outlet obstruction
D) Neurogenic disorders
B) Weakness in pelvic floor muscles
Which of the following is a contributing factor to urge incontinence?
A) Central nervous system lesions
B) Weak sphincter control
C) Physical activity
D) Laughing or sneezing
A) Central nervous system lesions
Which medication is most commonly prescribed for treating urge incontinence?
A) Oxybutynin
B) Ibuprofen
C) Lisinopril
D) Amlodipine
A) Oxybutynin
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for urinary incontinence?
A) Diabetes
B) Dementia
C) Depression
D) Adequate hydration
D) Adequate hydration
Mixed incontinence** involves:
A) Overflow and urge incontinence
B) Stress and overflow incontinence
C) Stress and urge incontinence
D) Functional and stress incontinence
C) Stress and urge incontinence
Which of the following is a common side effect of antimuscarinic agents used to treat incontinence?
A) Dry mouth
B) Increased urinary frequency
C) Muscle spasms
D) Blurred vision
A) Dry mouth
Which of the following should be avoided in patients with glaucoma?
A) Beta-blockers
B) Antimuscarinic agents
C) Loop diuretics
D) ACE inhibitors
B) Antimuscarinic agents
What is the main mechanism behind urge incontinence?
A) Weak pelvic floor muscles
B) Impaired bladder emptying
C) Detrusor overactivity
D) Urethral obstruction
C) Detrusor overactivity
Bladder training** includes:
A) Encouraging patients to use the bathroom every 4-6 hours
B) Performing frequent voluntary voiding
C) Encouraging patients to urinate immediately after an urge
D) Reducing fluid intake throughout the day
B) Performing frequent voluntary voiding
What is the primary symptom of stress incontinence?
A) Sudden urge to urinate
B) Leakage with coughing or sneezing
C) Nocturia
D) Continuous leakage throughout the day
B) Leakage with coughing or sneezing
The first step in managing urinary incontinence in older adults is:
A) Behavioral therapy
B) Surgery
C) Medication
D) Lifestyle modification
D) Lifestyle modification
Which class of medication commonly worsens urinary incontinence?
A) Antihistamines
B) ACE inhibitors
C) NSAIDs
D) Alpha-blockers
D) Alpha-blockers
Which of the following diagnostic tests is useful in evaluating urinary incontinence?
A) Blood glucose levels
B) Bladder scan for post-void residual
C) Electrocardiogram
D) Chest X-ray
B) Bladder scan for post-void residual
Pelvic muscle exercises** (Kegels) are most effective for treating:
A) Stress incontinence
B) Overflow incontinence
C) Functional incontinence
D) Urge incontinence
A) Stress incontinence
. Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of antimuscarinic agents?
A) Urinary retention
B) Diabetes
C) Arthritis
D) Chronic heart failure
A) Urinary retention
Nocturia** is defined as:
A) Frequent urination during the day
B) Output of more than 33% of total urine during nighttime hours
C) Waking up twice during the night to urinate
D) Frequent urination following the intake of fluids
B) Output of more than 33% of total urine during nighttime hours
What is the first-line treatment for stress incontinence?
A) Surgery
B) Kegel exercises
C) Oxybutynin
D) Antidepressants
B) Kegel exercises
Which of the following conditions increases the risk of urinary incontinence?
A) Hypertension
B) Chronic cough
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Cataracts
B) Chronic cough
Which of the following lifestyle modifications can help manage urinary incontinence?
A) Decreasing caffeine intake
B) Increasing fluid intake at night
C) Avoiding all exercise
D) Taking diuretics in the evening
A) Decreasing caffeine intake
Mirabegron** is a treatment option for:
A) Stress incontinence
B) Urge incontinence
C) Overflow incontinence
D) Mixed incontinence
B) Urge incontinence
Which procedure can be used to treat urinary incontinence when other therapies fail?
A) Vaginal estrogen therapy
B) Botox injections
C) Antibiotic therapy
D) Antihypertensive medication
Answer: B) Botox injections
What type of urinary incontinence occurs when bladder muscles contract inappropriately?
A) Stress incontinence
B) Overflow incontinence
C) Urge incontinence
D) Functional incontinence
C) Urge incontinence
What is a common symptom of overflow incontinence?
A) Sudden urge to urinate
B) Continuous dribbling of urine
C) Leakage when sneezing or coughing
D) Painful urination
B) Continuous dribbling of urine
Which of the following medications is commonly associated with worsening urinary incontinence?
A) Antidepressants
B) Beta-blockers
C) Diuretics
D) Antibiotics
C) Diuretics
Behavioral therapy** for managing urinary incontinence includes:
A) Fluid restriction during the day
B) Immediate voiding when feeling an urge
C) Timed voiding schedules
D) Avoiding physical activity
C) Timed voiding schedules
Catheterization** is most appropriate for treating:
A) Stress incontinence
B) Urge incontinence
C) Overflow incontinence due to bladder retention
D) Mixed incontinence
C) Overflow incontinence due to bladder retention
Functional incontinence** occurs when:
A) The bladder muscles contract involuntarily
B) There is an obstruction in the urinary tract
C) A person is physically unable to reach the bathroom in time
D) The pelvic floor muscles weaken
C) A person is physically unable to reach the bathroom in time
Which of the following should be monitored in patients on Mirabegron for urinary incontinence?
A) Blood pressure
B) Glucose levels
C) Hemoglobin
D) Liver function tests
A) Blood pressure
Post-void residual** (PVR) testing is used to evaluate:
A) Bladder capacity
B) Amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding
C) Strength of bladder contractions
D) Urinary flow rate
B) Amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding
The stepwise approach to treating urinary incontinence starts with:
A) Surgery
B) Medication
C) Behavioral modifications
D) Injections
C) Behavioral modifications
Estrogen therapy** is most beneficial for treating incontinence caused by:
A) Urge incontinence
B) Stress incontinence
C) Post-menopausal vaginal atrophy
D) Overflow incontinence
C) Post-menopausal vaginal atrophy
Bladder retraining** aims to:
A) Increase the bladder’s storage capacity
B) Encourage patients to void as often as possible
C) Limit fluid intake to reduce voiding frequency
D) Eliminate nocturia by increasing bladder sensitivity
A) Increase the bladder’s storage capacity
Which of the following conditions is a risk factor for urinary incontinence in older adults?
A) Hypertension
B) Arthritis
C) Diabetes
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Pelvic floor muscle exercises** (Kegels) are most effective for treating:
A) Overflow incontinence
B) Stress incontinence
C) Functional incontinence
D) Urge incontinence
B) Stress incontinence
Oxybutynin**, an antimuscarinic agent, is primarily used to treat:
A) Functional incontinence
B) Stress incontinence
C) Urge incontinence
D) Overflow incontinence
C) Urge incontinence
Which lifestyle modification is most recommended for managing urinary incontinence?
A) Increasing fluid intake before bedtime
B) Weight loss and avoiding bladder irritants
C) Restricting physical activity
D) Using diuretics to increase urination frequency
B) Weight loss and avoiding bladder irritants
Which type of urinary incontinence is most commonly associated with sneezing, coughing, or physical activity?
A) Urge incontinence
B) Overflow incontinence
C) Stress incontinence
D) Functional incontinence
C) Stress incontinence
