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exam 2 adult gero > Overall content > Flashcards

Overall content Flashcards

1
Q

Mrs. Lee, an 82-year-old with heart failure, is readmitted due to medication non-adherence two weeks after discharge. What could have been done to prevent this?
- A) Increased frequency of hospital visits
- B) Comprehensive medication reconciliation and clear discharge instructions
- C) Prescribing a stronger medication
- D) Delay in follow-up appointments

A

B) Comprehensive medication reconciliation and clear discharge instructions

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2
Q

Mr. Davis, a 75-year-old COPD patient, is discharged without a clear follow-up plan. He deteriorates at home. Which intervention could have improved his care?**
- A) No intervention needed
- B) Referral to a Community-Based Care Transitions Program
- C) Reducing his COPD medications
- D) Self-monitoring without medical follow-up

A
  • B) Referral to a Community-Based Care Transitions Program
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2
Q

A 68-year-old patient presents with decayed teeth and dry mouth from her medications. Which medication class is most likely causing the dry mouth?**
- A) Antibiotics
- B) Antihypertensives
- C) Diuretics
- D) Anticholinergics

A
  • D) Anticholinergics
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3
Q

Mr. Thompson, a 78-year-old, is complaining of loose dentures and oral discomfort. What should you recommend first?**
- A) Prescribe painkillers
- B) Recommend denture adhesive
- C) Encourage proper denture cleaning and schedule a denture adjustment
- D) Suggest stopping use of dentures altogether

A
  • C) Encourage proper denture cleaning and schedule a denture adjustment
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4
Q

A 70-year-old patient presents with a persistent red patch in the mouth. What condition must you rule out?**
- A) Gingivitis
- B) Squamous cell carcinoma
- C) Canker sores
- D) Oral thrush

A
  • B) Squamous cell carcinoma
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5
Q

Mrs. Watson, 72, reports increased glare while driving at night and difficulty reading. What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?**
- A) Presbyopia
- B) Cataracts
- C) Glaucoma
- D) Retinal detachment

A

B) Cataracts

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6
Q

A patient presents with progressive central vision loss and difficulty recognizing faces. What is the most likely diagnosis?**
- A) Cataracts
- B) Open-angle glaucoma
- C) Age-related macular degeneration
- D) Retinal detachment

A

C) Age-related macular degeneration

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7
Q

Mrs. Carter reports difficulty hearing in noisy environments and ringing in her ears. What type of hearing loss does she likely have?**
- A) Conductive
- B) Sensorineural
- C) Mixed
- D) Central

A
  • B) Sensorineural
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7
Q

A 65-year-old male presents with sudden onset of eye pain, headache, and blurred vision. What is the most likely diagnosis?**
- A) Closed-angle glaucoma
- B) Cataracts
- C) Presbyopia
- D) Macular degeneration

A
  • A) Closed-angle glaucoma
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8
Q

Mr. Miller, 77, presents with sudden hearing loss in one ear and vertigo. When should you refer to an ENT specialist?**
- A) After prescribing antibiotics
- B) Immediately for further evaluation of possible vestibular pathology
- C) After two weeks of monitoring
- D) No referral needed

A
  • B) Immediately for further evaluation of possible vestibular pathology
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9
Q

A 70-year-old male with depression reports insomnia. He meets the DSM-5 criteria for chronic insomnia, having trouble sleeping at least three times a week for over three months. What is the best next step?**
- A) Recommend over-the-counter sleep medications
- B) Prescribe benzodiazepines
- C) Refer to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
- D) Encourage the use of alcohol before bed

A

C) Refer to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)

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10
Q

Mrs. Johnson, 68, reports frequent nighttime awakenings and daytime fatigue. She drinks caffeinated tea before bed and takes a diuretic in the evening. What intervention is most appropriate?**
- A) Increase the dose of her diuretic
- B) Eliminate caffeine and take the diuretic earlier in the day
- C) Recommend sleeping pills
- D) Advise her to nap during the day

A
  • B) Eliminate caffeine and take the diuretic earlier in the day
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11
Q

A 70-year-old male with erectile dysfunction is being evaluated. Which condition is most likely contributing to his ED?**
- A) Depression
- B) Hyperlipidemia
- C) Anxiety
- D) Low testosterone

A
  • B) Hyperlipidemia
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12
Q

Mrs. Stevens, 62, reports vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse. What is the most appropriate treatment?**
- A) Estrogen creams
- B) Antidepressants
- C) Testosterone patches
- D) Surgery

A
  • A) Estrogen creams
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13
Q

You are educating a male patient on Viagra. Which of the following is essential to include?**
- A) It can be taken with nitrates for chest pain
- B) It should be taken right after a fatty meal
- C) It requires sexual stimulation to be effective
- D) It can be used with any heart medications

A
  • C) It requires sexual stimulation to be effective
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14
Q

A patient is being treated for urge incontinence. What is the first-line treatment you would recommend?**
- A) Pelvic muscle exercises (Kegel exercises)
- B) Surgical intervention
- C) Anticholinergic medications
- D) Bladder removal

A
  • A) Pelvic muscle exercises (Kegel exercises)
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14
Q

A 65-year-old woman complains of leaking urine when she sneezes or laughs. What type of urinary incontinence does she most likely have?**
- A) Urge incontinence
- B) Stress incontinence
- C) Overflow incontinence
- D) Functional incontinence

A
  • B) Stress incontinence
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15
Q

A 75-year-old man presents with a history of nocturia and dribbling. He has an enlarged prostate on examination. What is the most likely type of incontinence?**
- A) Urge incontinence
- B) Stress incontinence
- C) Overflow incontinence
- D) Functional incontinence

A
  • C) Overflow incontinence
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16
Q

An elderly woman has poor sleep, uses alcohol regularly before bed, and takes multiple medications, including a benzodiazepine for anxiety. Which strategy would improve her sleep?**
- A) Continue using alcohol before bed
- B) Discontinue the benzodiazepine and offer cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
- C) Increase alcohol use before bed
- D) Prescribe more sedatives

A
  • B) Discontinue the benzodiazepine and offer cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
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17
Q

Mr. Allen, an 85-year-old male, presents with sudden vision loss in one eye. He has jaw claudication and headaches. What is the most likely diagnosis?**
- A) Temporal arteritis
- B) Glaucoma
- C) Cataracts
- D) Retinal detachment

A
  • A) Temporal arteritis
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18
Q

A 76-year-old man reports waking up multiple times during the night to urinate, often related to drinking fluids late in the evening. He is also taking a diuretic at night. What is the most appropriate intervention?**
- A) Prescribe sleep medications
- B) Encourage him to continue his current regimen
- C) Suggest earlier fluid intake and adjust diuretic timing
- D) Refer to urology immediately

A
  • C) Suggest earlier fluid intake and adjust diuretic timing
19
Q

A 75-year-old male presents with loose, poorly fitting dentures and painful oral sores. What is the most likely complication of his condition?**
- A) Oral cancer
- B) Squamous cell carcinoma
- C) Malnutrition due to difficulty eating
- D) Gingivitis

A
  • C) Malnutrition due to difficulty eating
19
Q

A 72-year-old woman is diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. What is the best initial management strategy?**
- A) Recommend weight loss and a CPAP machine
- B) Prescribe sedatives
- C) Encourage alcohol use before bed
- D) Suggest sleeping in a seated position

A
  • A) Recommend weight loss and a CPAP machine
19
Q

A 68-year-old woman is diagnosed with periodontitis. What is the most common organism associated with this condition?**
- A) Staphylococcus aureus
- B) Porphyromonas gingivalis
- C) Candida albicans
- D) Streptococcus mutans

A
  • B) Porphyromonas gingivalis
20
Q

A 70-year-old man reports seeing dark spots in his central vision. What is the most likely diagnosis?**
- A) Cataracts
- B) Retinal detachment
- C) Age-related macular degeneration
- D) Open-angle glaucoma

A
  • C) Age-related macular degeneration
21
Q

A 78-year-old woman is discharged from the hospital after being treated for pneumonia. She is unsure about her medications and follow-up care. What should have been done to improve her transition from hospital to home?**
- A) Provide her with a list of medications without explanations
- B) Assign a nurse navigator to explain her discharge plan and arrange follow-up
- C) Advise her to read her discharge papers on her own
- D) Refer her to a specialist without further instructions

A
  • B) Assign a nurse navigator to explain her discharge plan and arrange follow-up
22
Q

A 70-year-old male patient with multiple comorbidities was readmitted due to confusion about his medication regimen post-discharge. Which intervention could have prevented this?
- A) A follow-up phone call within 48 hours of discharge
- B) No need for follow-up
- C) Giving him only verbal instructions without written guidance
- D) Refer him to the ER

A
  • A) A follow-up phone call within 48 hours of discharge
23
Q

A 68-year-old female reports difficulty hearing conversations in noisy environments. Upon examination, she is diagnosed with presbycusis. What is the best management option?**
- A) Recommend earplugs
- B) Hearing aids to improve her ability to hear in noisy environments
- C) Antibiotics for an ear infection
- D) Surgical correction

A
  • B) Hearing aids to improve her ability to hear in noisy environments
24
Q

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes is experiencing gradual bilateral hearing loss. What type of hearing loss is most likely occurring?**
- A) Conductive hearing loss
- B) Sensorineural hearing loss
- C) Central hearing loss
- D) Mixed hearing loss

A
  • B) Sensorineural hearing loss
25
Q

Mr. Hernandez, a 74-year-old man, presents with hearing loss in one ear following a viral infection. What is the most appropriate action?**
- A) Wait and see if symptoms resolve
- B) Refer to ENT for further evaluation of possible sensorineural hearing loss
- C) Prescribe antibiotics
- D) Recommend earwax removal

A
  • B) Refer to ENT for further evaluation of possible sensorineural hearing loss
26
Q

A 75-year-old female reports that she wakes up several times a night, despite going to bed at a consistent time. She takes sedatives before bed. What is the best management?**
- A) Discontinue sedatives and initiate cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
- B) Increase the dose of sedatives
- C) Advise her to drink alcohol before bed
- D) Suggest more daytime naps

A
  • A) Discontinue sedatives and initiate cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
27
Q

A 78-year-old man has difficulty falling asleep, frequently wakes up during the night, and experiences daytime sleepiness. His wife reports that he snores loudly. What is the most likely diagnosis?**
- A) Insomnia
- B) Obstructive sleep apnea
- C) Narcolepsy
- D) Restless leg syndrome

A
  • B) Obstructive sleep apnea
28
Q

A 72-year-old male with diabetes reports erectile dysfunction. What is the most likely cause of his condition?**
- A) Depression
- B) Vascular complications from diabetes
- C) Low testosterone levels
- D) Anxiety

A
  • B) Vascular complications from diabetes
29
Q

A 65-year-old female presents with complaints of vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse. What is the best treatment to recommend?**
- A) Antihistamines
- B) Topical estrogen cream
- C) Diuretics
- D) Antidepressants

A
  • B) Topical estrogen cream
30
Q

A 70-year-old woman reports leaking urine when she laughs or exercises. What type of incontinence is she most likely experiencing?**
- A) Urge incontinence
- B) Stress incontinence
- C) Overflow incontinence
- D) Functional incontinence

A
  • B) Stress incontinence
31
Q

A patient with multiple sclerosis has urinary incontinence. She reports not feeling the urge to void and experiencing overflow incontinence. What type of incontinence does she most likely have?**
- A) Stress incontinence
- B) Urge incontinence
- C) Overflow incontinence due to neurogenic bladder
- D) Functional incontinence

A
  • C) Overflow incontinence due to neurogenic bladder
32
Q

Mr. Jones, a 76-year-old man, experiences urinary urgency and often cannot make it to the bathroom in time. Which of the following is the best first-line treatment
- A) Pelvic floor muscle exercises
- B) Surgery
- C) Fluid restriction
- D) Anticholinergic medications

A
  • A) Pelvic floor muscle exercises
33
Q

A 69-year-old patient has tooth pain and inflamed gums. On examination, you note dental decay and plaque buildup. What is the most likely diagnosis?**
- A) Gingivitis
- B) Periodontitis
- C) Oral cancer
- D) Oral thrush

A
  • B) Periodontitis
34
Q

An older adult patient with dentures presents with dry mouth, making it difficult for her to keep her dentures in place. What could be contributing to her symptoms?**
- A) Anticholinergic medications
- B) Low water intake
- C) Overuse of denture adhesive
- D) Poor denture hygiene

A
  • A) Anticholinergic medications
35
Q

A 75-year-old patient reports that her vision has become cloudy and she experiences difficulty seeing at night. What is the most likely diagnosis?**
- A) Cataracts
- B) Macular degeneration
- C) Open-angle glaucoma
- D) Retinal detachment

A
  • A) Cataracts
36
Q

A 68-year-old patient presents with increased difficulty reading and blurred vision at close distances. She denies any pain or redness in her eyes. What is the most likely cause?
- A) Presbyopia
- B) Glaucoma
- C) Retinal detachment
- D) Conjunctivitis

A

A) Presbyopia

37
Q

A patient with multiple chronic conditions is discharged without a clear care plan. Two weeks later, they are readmitted for exacerbation of a chronic condition. What intervention could have improved this outcome?**
- A) Community-based care transition program involvement
- B) No intervention required
- C) Self-monitoring without medical follow-up
- D) Delayed follow-up appointments

A

A) Community-based care transition program involvement

38
Q

A 74-year-old male presents with gradual hearing loss. Upon testing, bone conduction is greater than air conduction in the affected ear. What type of hearing loss does he have?
- A) Conductive hearing loss
- B) Sensorineural hearing loss
- C) Mixed hearing loss
- D) Central hearing loss

A
  • A) Conductive hearing loss
39
Q

A 70-year-old woman presents with complaints of frequent urinary urgency. She reports leaking before she reaches the bathroom. What is the best first-line treatment option?**
- A) Bladder training exercises
- B) Anticholinergic medications
- C) Surgery
- D) Fluid restriction

A
  • A) Bladder training exercises
40
Q

A male patient reports nocturia and difficulty starting urination. His post-void residual urine volume is high. What type of incontinence is he most likely experiencing?**
- A) Stress incontinence
- B) Urge incontinence
- C) Overflow incontinence
- D) Functional incontinence

A
  • C) Overflow incontinence
41
Q

An older adult is taking benzodiazepines for insomnia. She reports increasing tolerance and dependence on the medication. What is the best alternative treatment?**
- A) Increase the dose of benzodiazepines
- B) Recommend cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
- C) Add a second sedative medication
- D) Advise more daytime naps

A
  • B) Recommend cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
42
Q

A 65-year-old woman reports reduced interest in sex following menopause. She also experiences vaginal dryness. What treatment is most appropriate?**
- A) Oral testosterone
- B) Vaginal estrogen cream
- C) Antidepressants
- D) Estrogen patches

A
  • B) Vaginal estrogen cream
43
Q

A male patient with diabetes reports erectile dysfunction. What is the first-line treatment option?**
- A) Sildenafil (Viagra)
- B) Testosterone therapy
- C) Surgery
- D) Psychotherapy

A
  • A) Sildenafil (Viagra)
44
Q

A 70-year-old man has a white patch on the side of his tongue that doesn’t wipe away. What should be your next step in management?**
- A) Reassure the patient
- B) Perform a biopsy to rule out leukoplakia
- C) Prescribe antifungal medication
- D) Prescribe antibiotics

A
  • B) Perform a biopsy to rule out leukoplakia
45
Q

A 68-year-old man presents

with peripheral vision loss and high intraocular pressure. What is the most likely diagnosis?**
- A) Open-angle glaucoma
- B) Cataracts
- C) Macular degeneration
- D) Presbyopia

A
  • A) Open-angle glaucoma

exam 2 adult gero (8 decks)

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