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exam 2 adult gero > Oral care > Flashcards

Oral care Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following age-related changes occurs in the tooth dentin?

A) Increase in permeability
B) Decrease in thickness
C) Increase in thickness, eliminating space for the pulp
D) Increase in sensitivity to pain

A

Correct answer: C) Increase in thickness, eliminating space for the pulp

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2
Q

What is a primary risk factor for dental decay in older adults?

A) Frequent dental visits
B) Lack of salivary flow
C) Increased consumption of fluoride
D) Increased complaints of dental pain

A

Correct answer: B) Lack of salivary flow

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3
Q

Which of the following organisms is commonly associated with periodontitis?

A) Bacteria that form plaque
B) Candida albicans
C) Beta-hemolytic streptococci
D) Viruses that cause cold sores

A

Correct answer:* A) Bacteria that form plaque

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4
Q

What is the significance of diminished sensitivity in the dental pulp of older adults?

A) Increased susceptibility to pain
B) Decreased risk of tooth decay
C) Reduced capacity for tooth repair
D) Increased response to bacterial infections

A

Correct answer:* C) Reduced capacity for tooth repair

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for dental decay in older adults?

A) Poor oral hygiene
B) Frequent consumption of sugary foods
C) Limited fluoride exposure
D) Regular fluoride treatments

A

Correct answer:* D) Regular fluoride treatments

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6
Q

What condition does edentulism refer to?

A) Tooth decay
B) Loss of all teeth
C) Overgrowth of gum tissue
D) Chronic gingivitis

A

Correct answer: B) Loss of all teeth

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7
Q

How does periodontitis differ from gingivitis?

A) Periodontitis is reversible, while gingivitis is not
B) Gingivitis affects deeper tissues, while periodontitis is limited to the gums
C) Periodontitis involves destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone
D) Gingivitis is caused by bacteria, while periodontitis is caused by viral infections

A

Correct answer:* C) Periodontitis involves destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone

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8
Q

What is one positive impact of dentures in older adults?

A) They reduce the need for dental hygiene
B) They restore facial features and improve chewing ability
C) They prevent tooth decay in remaining teeth
D) They permanently replace the need for dental visits

A

Correct answer: B) They restore facial features and improve chewing ability

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9
Q

What is the recommended treatment for advanced dental decay involving the dental pulp?

A) Tooth cleaning and fluoride treatment
B) Root canal or tooth extraction
C) Application of dental sealants
D) Temporary filling to delay further decay

A

Correct answer: B) Root canal or tooth extraction

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9
Q

What is a common cause of dry mouth in older adults?

A) Increased salivary gland activity
B) Use of anticholinergic medications
C) High levels of hydration
D) Dental prosthetics

A

Correct answer:* B) Use of anticholinergic medications

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10
Q

What is the role of chlorhexidine oral rinses in managing periodontal disease?

A) Reducing plaque formation
B) Reversing tooth decay
C) Treating advanced caries
D) Strengthening enamel

A

Correct answer: A) Reducing plaque formation

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11
Q

Which demographic group is more likely to experience periodontitis?

A) Young adults under 30
B) Older adults with poor oral hygiene
C) Individuals with no history of smoking
D) Children and adolescents

A

Correct answer: B) Older adults with poor oral hygiene

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12
Q

Which of the following is a major complication of untreated periodontitis?

A) Dental abscess
B) Reversible tooth decay
C) Increased salivary flow
D) Whitening of the teeth

A

Correct answer: A) Dental abscess

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13
Q

What effect does edentulism have on older adults without prosthetic replacement?

A) Improved facial appearance
B) Decreased risk of aspiration
C) Compromised ability to chew, leading to nutritional deficiencies
D) Better speech and communication abilities

A

Correct answer: C) Compromised ability to chew, leading to nutritional deficiencies

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14
Q

Why do older adults with joint replacements receive antibiotics before dental procedures?

A) To prevent tooth decay
B) To reduce the risk of bacterial infections spreading to joints
C) To improve healing after dental surgery
D) To increase salivary flow during procedures

A

Correct answer:* B) To reduce the risk of bacterial infections spreading to joints

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15
Q

Which of the following is a common cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth?

A) Frequent dental visits
B) Smoking and tobacco use
C) Poor fluoride intake
D) High sugar intake

A

Correct answer: B) Smoking and tobacco use

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16
Q

What is the clinical significance of detecting erythroplakia or eukoplakia in the mouth?

A) Both are always benign and require no follow-up
B) Both are indicative of high risk for oral cancer and should be biopsied
C) Erythroplakia is benign, while leukoplakia is malignant
D) Both are signs of advanced dental caries

A

Correct answer:* B) Both are indicative of high risk for oral cancer and should be biopsied

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17
Q

Which of the following is an effective treatment for dry mouth in older adults?

A) Increasing sugar intake
B) Use of over-the-counter salivary substitutes
C) Eliminating fluoride use
D) Avoiding dental care

A

Correct answer: B) Use of over-the-counter salivary substitutes

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18
Q

Which periodontal condition is reversible with good oral hygiene and regular dental care?

A) Gingivitis
B) Periodontitis
C) Edentulism
D) Root caries

A

Correct answer: A) Gingivitis

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19
Q

Why are regular dental exams essential for older adults, even if they do not experience pain?

A) Tooth decay in older adults is always painful
B) Age-related changes reduce sensitivity, so dental issues may go unnoticed until advanced
C) Dental exams are only necessary for younger patients
D) Pain is the only indicator of dental problems in older adults

A

Correct answer: B) Age-related changes reduce sensitivity, so dental issues may go unnoticed until advanced

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20
Q

What is a common reason older adults are more likely to develop root caries?

A) Increased tooth sensitivity
B) Recurrent bacterial infections
C) Reduced salivary flow and diminished sensitivity to pain
D) Frequent consumption of acidic foods

A

Correct answer: C) Reduced salivary flow and diminished sensitivity to pain

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21
Q

What role does saliva play in the prevention of dental decay?

A) It increases tooth sensitivity
B) It helps neutralize acids and prevent demineralization
C) It accelerates plaque formation
D) It causes the enamel to harden and break

A

Correct answer: B) It helps neutralize acids and prevent demineralization

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22
Q

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for developing periodontitis in older adults?

A) Ethnicity
B) Smoking
C) Age
D) Genetic predisposition

A

Correct answer: B) Smoking

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23
Q

Why is it important for older adults to limit their sugar intake at night?

A) Sugar consumption increases saliva production
B) Sugar accelerates enamel hardening
C) Sugar sticks to the teeth, causing demineralization during the night
D) Sugar intake is unrelated to dental health at night

A

Correct answer: C) Sugar sticks to the teeth, causing demineralization during the night

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24
Q

What is a common systemic condition associated with poor oral hygiene and periodontitis in older adults?

A) Hypotension
B) Diabetes
C) Cataracts
D) Arthritis

A

Correct answer: B) Diabetes

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25
Q

Which of the following is a common complication of advanced dental decay in older adults?

A) Increased saliva production
B) Tooth necrosis and formation of dental abscesses
C) Reduced risk of oral infections
D) Strengthening of tooth enamel

A

Correct answer: B) Tooth necrosis and formation of dental abscesses

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26
Q

Why are older adults at a higher risk for metastatic infections related to dental issues?

A) They have stronger immune systems
B) They are more likely to have frequent dental cleanings
C) They may experience delayed diagnosis due to diminished tooth sensitivity
D) Their teeth become resistant to bacterial infections with age

A

Correct answer: C) They may experience delayed diagnosis due to diminished tooth sensitivity

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27
Q

Which of the following best describes the effects of aging on salivary glands in older adults?

A) Salivary glands increase production as people age
B) Fatty replacement of acini reduces salivary flow, leading to dry mouth
C) Salivary gland function is unaffected by aging
D) Aging leads to an overproduction of saliva

A

Correct answer: B) Fatty replacement of acini reduces salivary flow, leading to dry mouth

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28
Q

How can fluoride toothpaste help prevent dental decay in older adults?

A) By increasing tooth sensitivity
B) By remineralizing the tooth enamel and strengthening it
C) By softening the tooth enamel
D) By delaying the need for dentures

A

Correct answer: B) By remineralizing the tooth enamel and strengthening it

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29
Q

Which oral condition involves **white patches on the mucous membranes and is a potential precursor to oral cancer?

A) Erythroplakia
B) Leukoplakia
C) Periodontitis
D) Edentulism

A

Correct answer: B) Leukoplakia

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30
Q

What should patients with dentures be advised to do for proper maintenance?

A) Wear dentures continuously without removing them
B) Remove and clean dentures after meals and soak them in disinfectant regularly
C) Clean dentures once a month
D) Only remove dentures when visiting the dentist

A

Correct answer:* B) Remove and clean dentures after meals and soak them in disinfectant regularly

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31
Q

Mrs. Thompson, a 78-year-old woman, comes to the clinic complaining that her teeth feel weak and brittle. Upon examination, her dentist notes that her dentin has thickened, and she has a reduced sensitivity to pain. She hasn’t had any recent dental visits because she didn’t experience any pain.
Question:
What is the most likely cause of Mrs. Thompson’s weakened teeth?
A) Increased permeability of the dentin
B) Age-related thickening of the dentin and reduced sensitivity
C) Decreased tooth enamel from fluoride treatments
D) Overuse of her dentures

A

Correct answer:* B) Age-related thickening of the dentin and reduced sensitivity

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32
Q

Mr. Johnson, a 75-year-old man with a history of smoking, complains of bleeding gums and bad breath. His dentist diagnoses him with periodontitis and explains that his condition could worsen without proper care.

Question:
What risk factor likely contributed to Mr. Johnson’s periodontitis?

A) His high sugar diet
B) His smoking habit
C) His use of fluoride toothpaste
D) His frequent dental visits

A

Correct answer:* B) His smoking habit

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33
Q

Mrs. Clark, an 82-year-old woman, has lost several teeth due to untreated decay. She now struggles with chewing her food, which has led to poor nutrition. Her dentist recommends dentures to improve her ability to eat and restore her facial appearance.

Question:
What benefit will dentures provide for Mrs. Clark?

A) They will eliminate the need for dental hygiene
B) They will restore her ability to chew food and improve her nutrition
C) They will prevent all future tooth decay
D) They will automatically adjust to changes in her gum structure

A

Correct answer: B) They will restore her ability to chew food and improve her nutrition

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34
Q

Mr. Lee, a 76-year-old man, complains of a dry mouth and difficulty swallowing. He has been on multiple medications for hypertension and allergies. His dentist suspects that his medications may be contributing to his dry mouth.

Question:
What class of medications is most likely causing Mr. Lee’s dry mouth?

A) Antibiotics
B) Anticholinergics
C) Antivirals
D) Antifungals

A

Correct answer: B) Anticholinergics

35
Q

Ms. Rodriguez, an 80-year-old woman, has dentures that she has not cleaned regularly. She reports that her dentures feel loose and cause irritation. During the examination, the dentist notices sore spots in her mouth caused by the ill-fitting dentures.

Question:
What advice should Ms. Rodriguez receive regarding denture care?

A) Clean her dentures once a month
B) Remove and clean her dentures after meals and soak them regularly in disinfectant
C) Wear her dentures continuously to prevent sore spots
D) Only remove her dentures if they feel uncomfortable

A

Correct answer: B) Remove and clean her dentures after meals and soak them regularly in disinfectant

36
Q

Mr. Green, a 79-year-old man, has a long history of diabetes and has noticed that his gums are receding and bleeding when he brushes his teeth. His dentist diagnoses him with gingivitis and explains that his diabetes may be contributing to his gum disease.

Question:
How is Mr. Green’s diabetes likely affecting his oral health?

A) It increases his ability to fight infections
B) It increases his risk of periodontal disease due to impaired wound healing
C) It decreases his need for regular dental cleanings
D) It strengthens his gums and teeth

A

Correct answer:* B) It increases his risk of periodontal disease due to impaired wound healing

37
Q

Mrs. Brown, a 74-year-old woman, notices a red patch under her tongue that hasn’t healed in several weeks. She reports no pain. Upon examination, her dentist is concerned about the possibility of erythroplakia.

Question:
What is the dentist’s primary concern regarding the red patch under Mrs. Brown’s tongue?

A) It is a common sign of gingivitis
B) It could be a precancerous lesion requiring a biopsy
C) It indicates a minor dental infection
D) It is likely a benign ulcer that will heal on its own

A

Correct answer: B) It could be a precancerous lesion requiring a biopsy

38
Q

Mr. Taylor, a 77-year-old man with hypertension, notices that his mouth feels constantly dry, which has affected his ability to eat and speak. His medications include an antihypertensive and a diuretic.

Question:
What might be causing Mr. Taylor’s dry mouth, and how should it be managed?

A) His diuretic medication is likely causing dry mouth; over-the-counter salivary substitutes or oral lubricants may provide relief
B) His high blood pressure is causing dry mouth; stopping his antihypertensive medication will resolve the issue
C) His diet is causing dry mouth; eating more sugar will stimulate salivary production
D) His dry mouth is normal for his age; no treatment is necessary

A

Correct answer: A) His diuretic medication is likely causing dry mouth; over-the-counter salivary substitutes or oral lubricants may provide relief

39
Q

Ms. Evans, an 85-year-old woman, has squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth. She is undergoing treatment but wonders what might have contributed to her developing this condition.

Question:
Which of the following is a known risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth in older adults?

A) Frequent use of dental floss
B) Use of tobacco products
C) Drinking only fluoridated water
D) Avoiding sugary foods

A

Correct answer:* B) Use of tobacco products

40
Q

Mr. Stevens, a 72-year-old man with a history of poor oral hygiene, has been diagnosed with advanced periodontitis. His dentist explains that bacteria from his mouth could potentially travel to other parts of his body and cause complications.

Question:
Which of the following complications can occur due to untreated periodontitis?

A) Joint infections and pneumonia
B) Increased tooth sensitivity
C) Improved immune response
D) Hardened tooth enamel

A

Correct answer:* A) Joint infections and pneumonia

41
Q

Mrs. Wilson, a 79-year-old woman, has been experiencing issues with tooth decay despite using fluoride toothpaste daily. Upon examination, her dentist finds that she has multiple cavities and diminished salivary flow. Mrs. Wilson also admits to eating sugary snacks at night without brushing afterward.

Question:
What is the most likely cause of Mrs. Wilson’s continued tooth decay?

A) Using too much fluoride toothpaste
B) Eating sugary foods at night without brushing
C) Drinking too much water
D) Overuse of dental floss

A

Correct answer:* B) Eating sugary foods at night without brushing

42
Q

Mr. Roberts, an 80-year-old man, comes to the dentist with complaints of loose teeth and bleeding gums. He has a long history of smoking and has not seen a dentist in several years. His dentist diagnoses him with advanced periodontitis and explains that the condition is irreversible.

Question:
What is a key factor in Mr. Roberts’ development of advanced periodontitis?

A) His use of fluoride toothpaste
B) His lack of regular dental care and smoking habit
C) His frequent use of mouthwash
D) His consumption of sugary foods

A

Correct answer:* B) His lack of regular dental care and smoking habit

43
Q

Ms. Patterson, an 81-year-old woman, has had a dry mouth since undergoing radiation therapy for cancer. She reports difficulty speaking and swallowing. Her dentist suggests using oral lubricants and avoiding certain medications that may worsen her dry mouth.

Question:
Which treatment may be most effective in managing Ms. Patterson’s dry mouth?

A) Reducing her water intake
B) Using oral lubricants and over-the-counter salivary substitutes
C) Consuming more sugary drinks
D) Avoiding all medications

A

Correct answer:* B) Using oral lubricants and over-the-counter salivary substitutes

44
Q

Mr. Jackson, a 76-year-old man, has not had dental care in years due to limited mobility. He has noticed several missing teeth and difficulty chewing his food. His dentist recommends dentures to restore his ability to eat properly and prevent malnutrition.

Question:
What benefit will dentures provide Mr. Jackson?

A) They will prevent all future dental problems
B) They will restore his ability to chew food and improve his nutritional intake
C) They will increase his salivary flow
D) They will reduce the need for regular dental care

A

Correct answer:* B) They will restore his ability to chew food and improve his nutritional intake

45
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A) A benign condition involving red patches in the mouth
B) A white patch on the mucous membranes that can be a precursor to oral cancer
C) A form of oral thrush caused by fungal infection
D) A common lesion that disappears without treatment

A

Correct answer:* B) A white patch on the mucous membranes that can be a precursor to oral cancer

45
Q

Ms. Clark, a 77-year-old woman, has noticed white patches on the inside of her cheeks. Her dentist examines her and diagnoses her with leukoplakia. He explains that these patches need to be monitored closely as they can be precancerous.

What is the significance of detecting leukoplakia in Ms. Clark’s mouth?

A) It is a benign condition that requires no further follow-up
B) It is a sign of advanced periodontal disease
C) It is a precancerous condition that requires monitoring and possible biopsy
D) It indicates the presence of a dental infection

A

Correct answer: C) It is a precancerous condition that requires monitoring and possible biopsy

46
Q

What is erythroplakia?

A) A white patch in the mouth that is often benign
B) A red lesion in the mouth that has a high risk of malignancy
C) A harmless sore caused by irritation
D) A yellow patch in the mouth related to fungal infections

A

B) A red lesion in the mouth that has a high risk of malignancy

47
Q

Which of the following oral lesions has the highest risk** of becoming cancerous?

A) Leukoplakia
B) Erythroplakia
C) Oral candidiasis
D) Aphthous ulcers

A

Correct answer: B) Erythroplakia

48
Q

Which of the following is a common risk factor for both leukoplakia and erythroplakia?

A) High sugar intake
B) Smoking and alcohol use
C) Poor dental hygiene
D) Consumption of fluoride

A

Correct answer: B) Smoking and alcohol use

49
Q

Oral lesions such as leukoplakia and erythroplakia should be:

A) Monitored and biopsied if they do not resolve within two weeks
B) Treated with antibiotics immediately
C) Scraped off during regular dental cleaning
D) Left untreated unless painful

A

Correct answer: A) Monitored and biopsied if they do not resolve within two weeks

50
Q

Which oral lesion presents as white plaques that can be scraped off, often associated with a fungal infection?

A) Leukoplakia
B) Oral candidiasis (thrush)
C) Erythroplakia
D) Aphthous ulcer

A

Correct answer: B) Oral candidiasis (thrush)

51
Q

Oral candidiasis is most commonly caused by:

A) Bacterial infection
B) Viral infection
C) Fungal infection (Candida species)
D) Autoimmune disorder

A

C) Fungal infection (Candida species)

52
Q

What is a common risk factor for developing oral candidiasis in older adults?

A) Use of antibiotics or immunosuppressive medications
B) Drinking fluoridated water
C) Use of antacids
D) Increased intake of sugary foods

A

A) Use of antibiotics or immunosuppressive medications

53
Q

How can oral candidiasis be distinguished from leukoplakia?

A) Oral candidiasis cannot be scraped off, while leukoplakia can
B) Leukoplakia can be scraped off, while oral candidiasis cannot
C) Oral candidiasis can be scraped off, leaving a red base, while leukoplakia cannot
D) Both conditions can be scraped off easily

A

C) Oral candidiasis can be scraped off, leaving a red base, while leukoplakia cannot

53
Q

A biopsy is recommended for oral lesions such as leukoplakia or erythroplakia because:

A) They are always cancerous
B) They are precancerous lesions with potential for malignant transformation
C) They are easily treated with over-the-counter medications
D) They are symptoms of gum disease

A

B) They are precancerous lesions with potential for malignant transformation

54
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma** of the mouth is most often associated with:

A) Erythroplakia and leukoplakia
B) Gingivitis and periodontitis
C) Canker sores and cold sores
D) Dental caries and root canals

A

Correct answer:* A) Erythroplakia and leukoplakia

55
Q

Which of the following is a common precursor lesion for oral squamous cell carcinoma?

A) Oral thrush
B) Leukoplakia
C) Aphthous ulcer
D) Halitosis

A

B) Leukoplakia

56
Q

What is the most common appearance of erythroplakia?

A) White patches with a rough texture
B) Bright red patches that are smooth and velvety
C) Yellow patches that are painful
D) Dark brown patches with raised edges

A

B) Bright red patches that are smooth and velvety

57
Q

Which of the following is a common cause of recurrent aphthous ulcers (canker sores)?

A) Viral infection
B) Mechanical trauma, stress, or nutritional deficiencies
C) Chronic use of fluoride toothpaste
D) Smoking and alcohol use

A

Correct answer: B) Mechanical trauma, stress, or nutritional deficiencies

58
Q

What is a key characteristic of oral thrush?

A) Red patches in the mouth that bleed when touched
B) White plaques that can be scraped off, leaving a red base
C) Smooth, painless, white lesions
D) Yellow crusting along the gum line

A

Correct answer: B) White plaques that can be scraped off, leaving a red base

59
Q

Which of the following patient behaviors is most likely to increase the risk of oral cancer?

A) Drinking coffee
B) Smoking and excessive alcohol use
C) Using fluoride toothpaste
D) Drinking tea regularly

A

Correct answer:* B) Smoking and excessive alcohol use

60
Q

Which oral lesion is associated with immunosuppression and can be commonly seen in patients with HIV/AIDS?

A) Leukoplakia
B) Oral candidiasis
C) Erythroplakia
D) Aphthous ulcers

A

Correct answer: B) Oral candidiasis

61
Q

When should an oral lesion such as erythroplakia be considered an emergency?

A) If it is painful
B) If it has been present for more than two weeks without healing
C) If it bleeds easily
D) If it appears suddenly after a dental cleaning

A

Correct answer: B) If it has been present for more than two weeks without healing

62
Q

Leukoplakia should be monitored closely because:

A) It resolves on its own without treatment
B) It is a sign of an oral fungal infection
C) It can be a precancerous lesion with potential for malignant transformation
D) It is a symptom of periodontal disease

A

C) It can be a precancerous lesion with potential for malignant transformation

63
Q

What is the most appropriate treatment for oral candidiasis in older adults?

A) Surgical removal of the lesion
B) Antifungal medications such as nystatin or fluconazole
C) Antibiotics to reduce bacterial growth
D) Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation

A

B) Antifungal medications such as nystatin or fluconazole

64
Q

Which of the following age-related changes in the tooth dentin is most commonly observed in older adults?

A) Increased permeability
B) Decreased thickness
C) Increased thickness, reducing space for the pulp
D) Increased sensitivity to pain

A

C) Increased thickness, reducing space for the pulp

65
Q

What is the primary risk factor for dental decay in older adults?

A) High fluoride exposure
B) Reduced salivary flow
C) Frequent dental cleanings
D) Increased tooth sensitivity

A

B) Reduced salivary flow

66
Q

Which of the following bacteria are primarily responsible for periodontitis?

A) Streptococcus mutans
B) Lactobacillus
C) Plaque-forming bacteria
D) Viruses causing cold sores

A

C) Plaque-forming bacteria

67
Q

Why is it important for older adults to continue seeing a dentist even when they are not experiencing pain?

A) Pain is a reliable indicator of dental problems
B) Age-related changes reduce sensitivity, and dental issues may progress unnoticed
C) Teeth become more resistant to decay as people age
D) Dental care is less important for older adults

A

B) Age-related changes reduce sensitivity, and dental issues may progress unnoticed

68
Q

Which condition does edentulism refer to?

A) Gum inflammation
B) Loss of all teeth
C) Decay of the tooth enamel
D) Gum infection

A

B) Loss of all teeth

69
Q

Which of the following is an irreversible condition involving the destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone?

A) Gingivitis
B) Periodontitis
C) Dental caries
D) Leukoplakia

A

B) Periodontitis

69
Q

Which medications are most commonly associated with causing dry mouth in older adults?

A) Antibiotics
B) Anticholinergics
C) Antivirals
D) Antifungals

A

B) Anticholinergics

70
Q

What is a common benefit of dentures for older adults?

A) They eliminate the need for oral hygiene
B) They restore chewing ability and improve nutrition
C) They permanently replace natural teeth
D) They prevent all future dental issues

A

B) They restore chewing ability and improve nutrition

71
Q

What is the primary reason for recommending regular dental exams even for older adults who don’t feel pain?

A) To detect age-related changes that reduce sensitivity and allow decay to progress unnoticed
B) To reduce the number of dental visits needed
C) To identify minor discomfort that is common in older adults
D) To encourage the use of dentures

A

A) To detect age-related changes that reduce sensitivity and allow decay to progress unnotice

72
Q

How does fluoride toothpaste help older adults prevent tooth decay?

A) By reducing sensitivity
B) By remineralizing the tooth enamel and strengthening it
C) By whitening the teeth
D) By softening the enamel

A

B) By remineralizing the tooth enamel and strengthening it

73
Q

What is the primary cause of tooth decay in older adults who experience reduced salivary flow?

A) Reduced enamel thickness
B) Bacterial demineralization of the teeth
C) Overuse of fluoride toothpaste
D) Poor gum health

A

B) Bacterial demineralization of the teeth

73
Q

What is the role of saliva in maintaining oral health?

A) It increases tooth sensitivity
B) It neutralizes acids and helps prevent tooth decay
C) It contributes to plaque buildup
D) It causes tooth enamel to erode

A

B) It neutralizes acids and helps prevent tooth decay

74
Q

Which oral condition is characterized by white patches on the mucous membranes and is a potential precursor to oral cancer?

A) Erythroplakia
B) Leukoplakia
C) Gingivitis
D) Periodontitis

A

B) Leukoplakia

75
Q

Which of the following factors most commonly contributes to periodontitis in older adults?

A) Frequent dental cleanings
B) Smoking and poor oral hygiene
C) Overuse of dental floss
D) High sugar intake

A

B) Smoking and poor oral hygiene

76
Q

Which condition is reversible with proper oral hygiene and regular dental care?

A) Gingivitis
B) Periodontitis
C) Root caries
D) Edentulism

A

Correct answer:* A) Gingivitis

77
Q

Which of the following treatments is most effective for advanced dental decay involving the dental pulp?

A) Tooth extraction or root canal
B) Fluoride toothpaste
C) Temporary filling
D) Application of mouthwash

A

A) Tooth extraction or root canal

78
Q

Which systemic condition is commonly associated with poorly managed oral hygiene and periodontitis in older adults?

A) Arthritis
B) Diabetes
C) Hypotension
D) Asthma

A

B) Diabetes

79
Q

Which of the following dental conditions in older adults increases the risk of aspiration and malnutrition?

A) Gingivitis
B) Edentulism without prosthetic replacement
C) Periodontitis
D) Root caries

A

B) Edentulism without prosthetic replacement

80
Q

Why are antibiotics prescribed before dental procedures for older adults with joint replacements?

A) To strengthen tooth enamel
B) To prevent joint infections caused by bacteria in the mouth
C) To reduce tooth sensitivity
D) To clean the oral cavity before surgery

A

B) To prevent joint infections caused by bacteria in the mouth

81
Q

Which of the following is a preventive measure that helps reduce root caries** in older adults?

A) Avoiding sugary foods, especially at night
B) Drinking only fluoridated water
C) Using mouthwash after every meal
D) Avoiding dental visits

A

A) Avoiding sugary foods, especially at night

exam 2 adult gero (8 decks)

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