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exam 2 adult gero > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a key factor contributing to insomnia in older adults?

A) Low fluid intake
B) Increased exposure to bright light at night
C) Chronic conditions like arthritis or lung disease
D) Low intake of caffeine

A

Correct answer: C) Chronic conditions like arthritis or lung disease

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2
Q

What is the definition of insomnia according to the DSM-5?

A) Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep at least three times a month
B) Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, occurring at least three times a week for three months
C) Waking up late in the morning due to fatigue
D) Excessive daytime sleepiness

A

Correct answer:* B) Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, occurring at least three times a week for three months

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3
Q

What is the most common sleep problem reported in older adults?

A) Difficulty staying asleep
B) Early morning awakenings
C) Daytime sleepiness
D) Difficulty falling asleep

A

Correct answer: D) Difficulty falling asleep

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4
Q

Which of the following sleep changes is not common with aging?

A) Decreased REM sleep
B) Increased total sleep time
C) More frequent awakenings during the night
D) Earlier bedtime and wake time

A

Correct answer: B) Increased total sleep time

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5
Q

Which of the following sleep hygiene recommendations is appropriate for older adults with insomnia?

A) Drink caffeinated beverages before bed
B) Avoid naps during the day
C) Use the bed for watching TV and reading
D) Eat a large meal right before bedtime

A

Correct answer: B) Avoid naps during the day

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6
Q

Which circadian rhythm disorder is common in older adults who go to bed early and wake up early?

A) Delayed sleep phase disorder
B) Advanced sleep phase disorder
C) Irregular sleep-wake cycle
D) REM sleep behavior disorder

A

Correct answer:* B) Advanced sleep phase disorder

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7
Q

Which sleep disorder is characterized by excessive motor activity during REM sleep, often causing the person to act out vivid dreams?

A) Restless legs syndrome
B) REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
C) Sleep apnea
D) Narcolepsy

A

Correct answer:* B) REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

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8
Q

Which of the following is a nonpharmacologic intervention recommended for chronic insomnia in older adults?

A) Stimulus control therapy
B) Taking a sedative-hypnotic every night
C) Reducing exercise during the day
D) Increasing alcohol consumption to help with relaxation

A

Correct answer: A) Stimulus control therapy

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9
Q

Which type of light exposure may help improve sleep for patients with advanced sleep phase circadian rhythm disorder?

A) Exposure to bright light in the evening
B) Exposure to bright light in the morning
C) No light exposure
D) Avoiding any exposure to natural light

A

Correct answer:* A) Exposure to bright light in the evening

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10
Q

When is a sleep study most indicated in older adults?

A) For patients experiencing nightmares
B) For patients with suspected sleep apnea or periodic limb movement disorder
C) For patients who fall asleep quickly
D) For patients experiencing jet lag

A

B) For patients with suspected sleep apnea or periodic limb movement disorder

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11
Q

What type of sleep medication is not recommended for older adults due to its anticholinergic effects?

A) Melatonin
B) Benzodiazepines
C) Sedating antihistamines
D) Zolpidem

A

C) Sedating antihistamines

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12
Q

Which of the following sleep disturbances is associated with Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia?

A) Narcolepsy
B) REM sleep behavior disorder
C) Sleep-onset insomnia
D) Sleepwalking

A

B) REM sleep behavior disorder

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13
Q

Chronic insomnia** can lead to which of the following mental health conditions?

A) Major depressive disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Anxiety disorder
D) Substance abuse disorder

A

A) Major depressive disorder

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14
Q

Which of the following interventions is useful for improving circadian rhythm in older adults?

A) Avoiding exercise during the day
B) Exposure to bright light therapy
C) Limiting social interactions
D) Staying in bed all day

A

B) Exposure to bright light therapy

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15
Q

Which sleep disorder involves frequent nighttime awakenings due to stopped breathing?

A) Narcolepsy
B) Sleep apnea
C) Insomnia
D) REM sleep behavior disorder

A

B) Sleep apnea

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16
Q

What sleep disorder is characterized by daytime sleepiness, sudden sleep attacks, and sometimes cataplexy?

A) Insomnia
B) Narcolepsy
C) Restless leg syndrome
D) Sleep apnea

A

B) Narcolepsy

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17
Q

Which of the following medications is often used off-label to treat REM sleep behavior disorder?

A) Clonazepam
B) Melatonin
C) Zolpidem
D) Antihistamines

A

A) Clonazepam

18
Q

Tapering** the dose of which medication is often recommended to prevent rebound insomnia?

A) Antihypertensives
B) Benzodiazepines
C) Antidepressants
D) Antipsychotics

A

B) Benzodiazepines

19
Q

Which of the following sleep stages is most affected by aging?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) REM sleep
D) Non-REM sleep

A

Correct answer: C) REM sleep

20
Q

Polysomnography** is commonly used to diagnose which of the following sleep disorders?

A) Restless leg syndrome
B) Insomnia
C) Sleep apnea
D) Narcolepsy

A

Correct answer:* C) Sleep apnea

21
Q

Question 21:**
Which type of circadian rhythm disorder involves late bedtimes and late wake times?

A) Irregular sleep-wake cycle
B) Advanced sleep phase disorder
C) Delayed sleep phase disorder
D) Narcolepsy

A

Correct answer:* C) Delayed sleep phase disorder

22
Q

Which of the following is a common medication that can contribute to sleep disturbances in older adults?

A) Anticholinesterase inhibitors
B) Antibiotics
C) Antacids
D) Bronchodilators

A

Correct answer:* D) Bronchodilators

23
Q

Which of the following is an early sign of sleep-related breathing disorders in hospitalized older adults?

A) Excessive daytime sleepiness
B) Insomnia
C) Snoring and periods of stopped breathing during sleep
D) Difficulty falling asleep

A

C) Snoring and periods of stopped breathing during sleep

24
Q

Which of the following can worsen sleep apnea when combined with sedatives?

A) Antidepressants
B) Alcohol
C) Antihypertensives
D) Caffeine

A

B) Alcohol

25
Q

REM sleep** is important for which of the following functions?

A) Deep breathing
B) Physical healing and memory consolidation
C) Muscle atrophy prevention
D) Increased heart rate during sleep

A

B) Physical healing and memory consolidation

26
Q

Which of the following nonpharmacologic interventions can help improve sleep hygiene?

A) Drinking alcohol before bed
B) Establishing a consistent bedtime routine
C) Sleeping with the lights on
D) Using electronic devices right before bed

A

B) Establishing a consistent bedtime routine

27
Q

What is the recommended dose of melatonin for sleep disturbances in older adults?

A) 10 mg
B) 5 mg
C) 3 mg
D) 1 mg

A

C) 3 mg

28
Q

Which of the following is not recommended for routine management of insomnia in older adults?

A) Short-acting sleep medications
B) Regular exercise
C) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
D) Sedating antipsychotics

A

D) Sedating antipsychotics

29
Q

Which of the following is most likely to trigger nighttime awakenings in older adults?

A) Arthritis pain
B) Lack of exercise
C) Exposure to bright light during the day
D) Early bedtimes

A

A) Arthritis pain

30
Q

Which of the following interventions is effective in improving sleep for patients with nocturia?

A) Drinking more fluids before bedtime
B) Reducing fluid intake in the evening
C) Increasing caffeine consumption
D) Using over-the-counter diuretics

A

B) Reducing fluid intake in the evening

31
Q

Which of the following sleep disturbances is characterized by frequent limb movements during sleep?

A) REM sleep behavior disorder
B) Periodic limb movement disorder
C) Narcolepsy
D) Sleep apnea

A

B) Periodic limb movement disorder

32
Q

Which of the following is the most common psychiatric disorder associated with insomnia in older adults?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Depression
D) Bipolar disorder

A

C) Depression

33
Q

In older adults, excessive daytime sleepiness is commonly related to:

A) Sleep apnea
B) Advanced sleep phase disorder
C) Restless leg syndrome
D) Delayed sleep phase disorder

A

A) Sleep apnea

34
Q

Which sleep disorder is typically treated with CPAP therapy?

A) Insomnia
B) Sleep apnea
C) REM sleep behavior disorder
D) Circadian rhythm disorder

A

B) Sleep apnea

35
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)** combines sleep restriction, stimulus control, and which of the following?

A) Relaxation techniques
B) Antihistamines
C) Use of sedatives
D) Exercise before bed

A

A) Relaxation techniques

36
Q

Difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep
Waking up too early
Associated with daytime impairment
Fatigue
Poor concentration
Daytime sleepiness
Concerns about sleep
Symptoms must occur at least three times per week
For chronic insomnia, symptoms must have been present for at least three months

A

Insomnia

37
Q

Arthritis
Lung disease, cough, dyspnea from cardiac or other pulmonary illness
Stroke, paresthesias
Neurodegenerative disorders (dementia, Parkinson’s disease)
Gastroesophageal reflux
Nighttime urination

A

Medical Problems Associated With Insomnia

38
Q

Agents that increase urination (e.g., diuretics)
Stimulating agents (e.g., caffeine, sympathomimetics, bronchodilators, activating psychiatric medications)
Agents that can cause nightmares and impair sleep
Antidepressants
Antiparkinsonian agents
Antihypertensives (e.g., propranolol)
Cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Medical Problems Associated With Insomnia

39
Q

can occur when chronic use of hypnotics is suddenly stopped

A

Rebound insomnia

40
Q

Advanced sleep phase: fall asleep early, awaken early—particularly common in older people
Delayed sleep phase: fall asleep late, awaken late
Irregular sleep–wake cycles are common with dementia and in nursing home residents

A

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

41
Q

Sleep logs and wrist actigraphy can be helpful to establish the diagnosis
Refer patients to a sleep specialist when symptoms do not respond to initial management, the diagnosis is unclear, or when another sleep disorder is suspected
Treatment depends on the particular circadian rhythm disorder
Advanced sleep phase may respond to evening exposure to bright light.
Delayed sleep phase may respond to morning exposure to bright light and/or evening melatonin.

A

Treatment for Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

exam 2 adult gero (8 decks)

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