Urinary Histology

Question 1

What doe the excretory passages of the kidneys include

Answer 1

1. Minor calyces
2. Major calyces
3. Renal pelvis
4. Two ureters
5. Urinary bladder
6. Urethra

Question 2

Kidneys are paired ______ organs

Answer 2

Retroperitoneal

Question 3

Kidneys are derived from what 2 embryonic sources

Answer 3

1. Ureteric buds (collecting)

2. Metanephric blastema (excretory)

Question 4

Name 6 functions of the kidneys

Answer 4

1. Regulation of electrolyte balance
2. Regulation of acid/base concentration
3. Regain production (BP regulation)
4. Erythropoietin production
5. Removal of metabolic waste
6. Maintenance of H20

Question 5

Internal structure of the kidneys is divided into two regions

Answer 5

1. Cortical region

2. Inner medullary region

Question 6

Region where 1-2 million nephrons are located

Answer 6

Cortical region

Question 7

Location of the collecting tubules & papillae

Answer 7

Inner zone of the inner medullary region

Question 8

Location of the base loops of Henle which extend from the cortical region

Answer 8

Outer zone of inner medullary region

Question 9

Each kidney contains a medial ____ region where blood vessels & ureter are found

Answer 9

Hilar

Question 10

Proximal end of the ureter, the _____ is found within a fat-filled ______

Answer 10

Renal pelvis

Renal sinus

Question 11

Renal pelvis serves as a convergent point for roughly ______

Answer 11

3 major calyces

Question 12

Each major calyx is emptied into by roughly

Answer 12

3 minor calyces

Question 13

The minor calyces arch around the ________ which are the apical ends of the

Answer 13

Renal papillae

Medullary pyramids

Question 14

What are the collecting ducts called in the renal papillae

Answer 14

Ducts of Bellini

Question 15

Extensions of the collecting ducts & tubules penetrate the cortex called

Answer 15

Medullary rays

Question 16

Renal pyramid & the overlying cortex form the

Answer 16

Renal lobe

Question 17

What epithelium lines the calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, & bladder

Answer 17

Transitional epithelium (uroe-epithelium)

Question 18

The renal papilla is lined with

Answer 18

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 19

Each nephron consists of a

Answer 19

Renal corpuscle

Question 20

Each renal corpuscle consists of a double layered epithelial cup called

Answer 20

Bowmans (glomerular) capsule

Question 21

What encloses a tuft of capillaries & mesangial cells

Answer 21

Bowman’s glomerular capsule

Question 22

The outer parietal layer of the bowman’s capsule is lined with

Answer 22

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 23

Inner (visceral) layer of the Bowman’s capsule consists of

Answer 23

Podocytes

Question 24

Primary process of the podocyte is called

Answer 24

Pedicels

Question 25

Interdigitate around the capillaries of the glomerulus

Answer 25

Pedicels

Question 26

The diaphragm separates the space between the 2 capsular layers called the _______ from the blood in the capillaries

Answer 26

Bowman’s urinary space

Question 27

______ which drains filtrate away from a renal corpuscle & forms the ______

Answer 27

Proximal convoluted tubule

Urinary pole

Question 28

Urinary pole is lined with _______ that has a ________

Answer 28

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Brush border of microvilli

Question 29

Descends into the medulla, makes a hairpin turn, & returns to the cortex

Answer 29

Loop of Henle

Question 30

Length & composition of the loop Henle depends on whether its is a ______ or ______

Answer 30

Juxtamedullary nephron

Cortical nephron

Question 31

______ have long loops of Henle that maintain the hypertonicity of the medulla making hypertonic urine

Answer 31

Juxtamedullar nephrons

Question 32

Juxtamedullary nephron: descending thick segment lined with

Answer 32

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 33

Juxtamedullary nephron: descending thin segment is line with

Answer 33

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 34

Juxtamedullary nephron: ascending thin segment is also lined with

Answer 34

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 35

Juxtamedullary nephron: ascending thick segment is lined with

Answer 35

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 36

Distal convoluted tubule is lined by

Answer 36

Simple cuboidal epithelium (NO BRUSH BORDER)

Question 37

Modified region of tubule cells in the distal convoluted tubule called

Answer 37

Macula densa (forms part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus)

Question 38

what are the 3 structures that are included in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 38

1. macula densa (H20)
2. juxtaglomerular cells (secrete the hormone renin: angiotensin I to angiotensin II)
3. extraglamerular mesangial cells

Question 39

collecting tubules are usually lined with ______, larger ducts are lined with ______

Answer 39

cuboidal epithelium

columnar epithelium

Question 40

interlobar arteries and veins come from

Answer 40

renal artery and vein

Question 41

“arch” across the boundary between cortex and medulla

Answer 41

arcuate arteries and veins

Question 42

ascend from the arcuate vessels and pass u the cortex perpendicular to the surface of the kidney

Answer 42

interlobular arteries and veins

Question 43

each glomerulus receives its blood from one afferent arteriole. the afferent arterioles arise from interlobular arteries

Answer 43

afferent arterioles and glomerular capillaries

Question 44

blood leaves the glomerulus through a short and inconspicuous _____ and enters

Answer 44

efferent arteriole

peritubular capillaries or vasa recta

Question 45

peritubular capillaries eventually drain blood to the

Answer 45

interlobular veins

Question 46

bundles of thin vessels which carry blood into and out of the medulla from the efferent arteriole

Answer 46

vasa recta

Question 47

vasa recta eventually return blood to

Answer 47

arcuate veins

Question 48

ureter typically has the muscularis layer having a longitudinal orientation and a folded lumen with a _____ appearance

Answer 48

stellate appearance

Question 49

female urethra is lined with _______ throughout the extent then at the opening into the vulva, lined with ______

Answer 49

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 50

membranous/penile urethra in lined with

Answer 50

pseudostratified columnar epith

Question 51

navicular fossa lined with

Answer 51

stratified squamous epith